Does sodium bicarbonate based extra-cellular buffering support reduce high intensity exercise-induced fatigue and enhance short-term recovery assessed by selected blood biochemical indices?

Abstract

Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) prevent large blood pH changes, however, there is no evidence on whether regulation of acid-base balance may also support whole body homeostasis monitored through heamatological and biochemical blood markers in a dose-dependent manner. Thirty Cross-Fit-trained participants were studied in a randomized, multi cross-over, placebo (PLA)-controlled double-blind manner in which they performed a control session (CTRL, without supplementation), three NaHCO₃ visits (three different doses) and PLA (sodium chloride in an equimolar amount of sodium as NaHCO₃). Each visit consisted of two 30-s Wingate tests separated by CrossFit-specific benchmarks (Wall Balls and Burpees - both performed for 3 min). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and after 45 min recovery. Significant differences between visits appeared for blood pH, percentage of lymphocytes and granulocytes, red blood cells count and haemoglobin concentration at post-exercise and 45-min recovery, and for white blood cells count, percentage of monocytes, concentration of magnesium and creatinine at 45-min recovery. Most of the observed differences for heamatological and biochemical markers were significant compared to CTRL, but not different after PLA. NaHCO₃ supplementation compared to PLA did not significantly affect exercise or recovery shifts in studied blood indicators. However, the changes in these markers after NaHCO₃ and PLA in relation to CTRL indicate a possible role of sodium.