Phytopatogenic fungi in terrestrial and aquatic environments present in Latin America

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to know the different phytopathogenic fungi present in these two types of environments, and the factors involved in their presence or absence. Materials and methods: For the construction of this article, a bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, Science direct, Google scholar, Scielo and NCBI in English and Spanish, using the following descriptors: Fungi, Aquatic microorganisms, and Fungi in soil. Results: In this bibliographic review, the presence of Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp, Mucor sp, Penicillium sp, Alternaria sp, Trichoderma sp, Blastomyces sp, Geotrichum sp, etc. was found in most of the aquatic environments. In addition, in terrestrial environments, fungi of the genus Rhizopus sp, Fusarium sp, Beauveria sp, Absidia sp, Mucor sp, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Paecilomyces sp, etc. were found. Likewise, we investigated the factors that determine the concentration and diversity in aquatic and terrestrial environments, in all types of fungi. In aquatic environments, these are: temperature, rainfall, water velocity, nutrient status, anthropogenic impact and abundance of decomposing matter. On the other hand, in terrestrial environments, we find: pH, anthropogenic impact, and the presence of pollutants. Conclusion: In the case of fungi in fresh water, the genus Aspergillus sp was the most representative, while in the terrestrial environment the genus Fusarium sp, and Rhizopus sp, were the most predominant with their appearance in most of the studies cited in this review.