Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.01
Alejandro Zamanillo Sainz
The partnership between the Spanish Military Pharmacy Corps and the civil society has increased in the last twenty years, when the two million smallpox vaccines acquired by the Spanish Ministry of Health were stored at the “Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa” (Military Centre of Defence Pharmacy). In 2009, collaboration continued with the manufacture of oseltamivir tablets and the storage of more than five million packages of antivirals drugs during the H1N1 pandemic. In 2014, due to the possibility of a nuclear risk situation, an agreement was signed with the Spanish Ministry of Home Affairs for the manufacture and supply of Potassium Iodide. During the COVID pandemic, as a consequence of being declared the Alert State, the capacities of the Spanish Military Pharmacy were made available to Operation Balmis. Collaboration with the Spanish Ministry of Health has been strengthened with the implementation of the Royal Decree which determines the application of the criteria and standards for the guarantee and rational use of medicines and healthcare products in the Spanish Armed Forces, by authorizing the Spanish Military Pharmacy to manufacture and distribute medicines in exceptional circumstances. With regard to the storage and custody of the medicines and health products stock, it is a strength that the Spanish Military Pharmacy has available the Military Centre of Defence Pharmacy, Military Pharmacies and Military Pharmaceutical Warehouses deployed throughout the national territory. Keywords: Spanish Military Pharmacy; smallpox vaccines; Potassium Iodide; Operation Balmis; pandemic
过去二十年间，西班牙军方药房团与民间社会的合作不断加强，当时西班牙卫生部采购的 200 万支天花疫苗就储存在 "国防药房军事中心"（Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa）。2009 年，继续合作生产奥司他韦药片，并在 H1N1 大流行期间储存了 500 多万包抗病毒药物。2014 年，由于可能出现核风险情况，与西班牙内政部签署了一项关于生产和供应碘化钾的协议。在 COVID 大流行期间，由于被宣布为戒备状态，西班牙军方药房的能力被提供给 Balmis 行动。随着皇家法令的实施，与西班牙卫生部的合作得到加强，该法令确定了在西班牙武装部队中保障和合理使用药品和保健产品的标准和规范，授权西班牙军方药房在特殊情况下制造和分发药品。在药品和保健品的储存和保管方面，西班牙军方药房的优势在于拥有部署在全国各地的军方国防药房中心、军方药房和军方药品仓库：西班牙军方药房；天花疫苗；碘化钾；巴尔米斯行动；大流行病
{"title":"Military Pharmacy: A Tool to Support Civil Society","authors":"Alejandro Zamanillo Sainz","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"The partnership between the Spanish Military Pharmacy Corps and the civil society has increased in the last twenty years, when the two million smallpox vaccines acquired by the Spanish Ministry of Health were stored at the “Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa” (Military Centre of Defence Pharmacy). In 2009, collaboration continued with the manufacture of oseltamivir tablets and the storage of more than five million packages of antivirals drugs during the H1N1 pandemic.\u0000In 2014, due to the possibility of a nuclear risk situation, an agreement was signed with the Spanish Ministry of Home Affairs for the manufacture and supply of Potassium Iodide. During the COVID pandemic, as a consequence of being declared the Alert State, the capacities of the Spanish Military Pharmacy were made available to Operation Balmis.\u0000Collaboration with the Spanish Ministry of Health has been strengthened with the implementation of the Royal Decree which determines the application of the criteria and standards for the guarantee and rational use of medicines and healthcare products in the Spanish Armed Forces, by authorizing the Spanish Military Pharmacy to manufacture and distribute medicines in exceptional circumstances.\u0000With regard to the storage and custody of the medicines and health products stock, it is a strength that the Spanish Military Pharmacy has available the Military Centre of Defence Pharmacy, Military Pharmacies and Military Pharmaceutical Warehouses deployed throughout the national territory.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Spanish Military Pharmacy; smallpox vaccines; Potassium Iodide; Operation Balmis; pandemic","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"25 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.06
Santiago Cuéllar Rodríguez
In the field of health and, particularly in biomedicine, continuous reevaluation has allowed us to see with a different attitude what was apparently known; A large part of the medicines from synthetic chemistry, biotechnology and advanced therapies (genetics, somatics, tissue engineering, etc.) are a clear example of this. The search and investigation of new applications for drugs already approved and in clinical use – and even for compounds that did not reach the clinical research phases at the time – is usually called “repositioning”, which makes it possible to have drugs with a profile of safety and efficacy already known, which represents a significant saving in time and development costs and, sometimes, is the only way to develop therapies for rare diseases, as orphan indications. In fact, it is estimated that a substantial part of the known drugs may have new therapeutic uses and that drugs currently in clinical use could be used for numerous applications other than those for which they were originally approved. The high number of authorizations of new indications or their extensions or modifications by the EMA and the FDA, in relation to that of medicines with new active ingredients, highlights that pharmacological research – basic and clinical – does not end with the marketing authorization of a medicine but, on the contrary, there are many that continue to be the subject of extensive and intensive research by their titular laboratories in order to extract the maximum knowledge and health results from products whose development has a very high economic cost and requires large and multidisciplinary human research teams. In order to examine the current innovative activity in the field of new indications for medicines previously authorized in the European Union, we have proceeded to systematically collect and study the contents of all the summaries of the 36 plenary meetings of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) published by the EMA between January 2021 and March 2024, in which 258 positive recommendations for extension of indications were made, for a total of 181 medicines from 74 laboratories. Keywords: Pharmacology; therapeutic repositioning; clinical research; drug authorization; drug evaluation
{"title":"Therapeutic repositioning: importance of new therapeutic indications approved for old medicines","authors":"Santiago Cuéllar Rodríguez","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of health and, particularly in biomedicine, continuous reevaluation has allowed us to see with a different attitude what was apparently known; A large part of the medicines from synthetic chemistry, biotechnology and advanced therapies (genetics, somatics, tissue engineering, etc.) are a clear example of this. The search and investigation of new applications for drugs already approved and in clinical use – and even for compounds that did not reach the clinical research phases at the time – is usually called “repositioning”, which makes it possible to have drugs with a profile of safety and efficacy already known, which represents a significant saving in time and development costs and, sometimes, is the only way to develop therapies for rare diseases, as orphan indications. In fact, it is estimated that a substantial part of the known drugs may have new therapeutic uses and that drugs currently in clinical use could be used for numerous applications other than those for which they were originally approved. The high number of authorizations of new indications or their extensions or modifications by the EMA and the FDA, in relation to that of medicines with new active ingredients, highlights that pharmacological research – basic and clinical – does not end with the marketing authorization of a medicine but, on the contrary, there are many that continue to be the subject of extensive and intensive research by their titular laboratories in order to extract the maximum knowledge and health results from products whose development has a very high economic cost and requires large and multidisciplinary human research teams. In order to examine the current innovative activity in the field of new indications for medicines previously authorized in the European Union, we have proceeded to systematically collect and study the contents of all the summaries of the 36 plenary meetings of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) published by the EMA between January 2021 and March 2024, in which 258 positive recommendations for extension of indications were made, for a total of 181 medicines from 74 laboratories.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Pharmacology; therapeutic repositioning; clinical research; drug authorization; drug evaluation","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"339 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.07
Rocío González Crespo
This research project studies the possibility of improving adherence to treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome, by developing a capsule containing rosuvastatin, repaglinide and olmesartan mini-tablets. The formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. At the same time, the SeDeM galenic methodology was used to establish the suitability of the mixture to produce tablets by the direct compression method. Concurrently, an analytical method for the identification of N-nitrosodimethylamine in olmesartan medoxomil was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally, the pharmaceutical technological characteristics of the tablets were determined: content uniformity, tablet hardness, thickness, friability, in vitro disintegration time and dissolution profile. Keywords: Pharmacology; Therapeutic; Repositioning; Clinical research; Drug authorization; Drug evaluation
该研究项目通过开发一种含有罗伐他汀、瑞格列奈和奥美沙坦迷你片的胶囊，研究提高代谢综合征患者坚持治疗的可能性。通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热法、热重法、傅立叶变换红外光谱法和粉末 X 射线衍射法对配方进行了表征。同时，使用 SeDeM galenic 方法确定混合物是否适合用直接压片法生产片剂。同时，利用高效液相色谱-质谱法开发并验证了鉴定奥美沙坦酯中 N-亚硝基二甲胺的分析方法。最后，测定了片剂的制药技术特征：含量均匀性、片剂硬度、厚度、易碎性、体外崩解时间和溶出曲线：药理学；治疗；重新定位；临床研究；药品批准；药品评价
{"title":"Galenic development of a capsule containing rosuvastatin, repaglinide, and olmesartan mini-tablets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome","authors":"Rocío González Crespo","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"This research project studies the possibility of improving adherence to treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome, by developing a capsule containing rosuvastatin, repaglinide and olmesartan mini-tablets. The formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. At the same time, the SeDeM galenic methodology was used to establish the suitability of the mixture to produce tablets by the direct compression method. Concurrently, an analytical method for the identification of N-nitrosodimethylamine in olmesartan medoxomil was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally, the pharmaceutical technological characteristics of the tablets were determined: content uniformity, tablet hardness, thickness, friability, in vitro disintegration time and dissolution profile.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Pharmacology; Therapeutic; Repositioning; Clinical research; Drug authorization; Drug evaluation","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"103 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.03
Agustín García Asuero
This report reviews the creation and beginnings of two important scientific societies, the “Chemical Society of London”, and the “Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain”. The similarity is noted in terms of their starting point and establishment of specific objectives, e.g., the practice of chemistry. Differences are observed in the admission criteria, which are more restrictive by the “Chemical Society”. Both societies are the result of the process of differentiation of science, and the reaffirmation of professional sentiment and the rights associated with the practice of the trade. Key figures are reviewed in both cases, highlighting in the case of the “Chemical Society” the German influence on British chemistry. The search for a headquarters that satisfies the material needs and the fulfilment of the entrusted missions involves a long pilgrimage. The “Chemical Society of London” soon became the “Chemical Society” and later became the “Royal Society of Chemistry”. The “Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain” became the “Royal Pharmaceutical Society” over the years. Keywords: Chemical Society of London; Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; history
{"title":"Chemical Society Y Pharmaceuthical Society Of Great Britain: Parallel Lifes","authors":"Agustín García Asuero","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"This report reviews the creation and beginnings of two important scientific societies, the “Chemical Society of London”, and the “Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain”. The similarity is noted in terms of their starting point and establishment of specific objectives, e.g., the practice of chemistry. Differences are observed in the admission criteria, which are more restrictive by the “Chemical Society”. Both societies are the result of the process of differentiation of science, and the reaffirmation of professional sentiment and the rights associated with the practice of the trade. Key figures are reviewed in both cases, highlighting in the case of the “Chemical Society” the German influence on British chemistry. The search for a headquarters that satisfies the material needs and the fulfilment of the entrusted missions involves a long pilgrimage. The “Chemical Society of London” soon became the “Chemical Society” and later became the “Royal Society of Chemistry”. The “Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain” became the “Royal Pharmaceutical Society” over the years.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Chemical Society of London; Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; history","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"534 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.02
Carla Marcuccini Toledo, Elena Fauste Alonso, Madelín Pérez Armas, Cristina Donis Rodríguez, María Isabel Panadero Antón, Paola Otero Gómez, Carlos Bocos de Prada
In recent decades, there has been a concerning increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases on a global scale, posing a significant challenge to public health. One of the determining factors related to diet and associated with these diseases is the rise in the consumption of added sugars, whether in the form of sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in fetal programming, influencing the optimal development of offspring. A close association has been documented between a maternal diet rich in fructose and long-term adverse effects on the health of their descendants. Nutrition also influences the metabolism of thyroid hormones, which could impact the onset of metabolic diseases. With this background, a study was conducted that analyzed the plasma concentration of free T4 and the gene expression levels of various components related to thyroid hormones in the liver and ileum of male rats descended from mothers who consumed fructose during pregnancy. The results were compared to those found in descendants of mothers who did not receive this supplement. Despite not observing changes in plasma free T4 levels, it was found that fructose consumption reduced the expression of the THRa receptor in the liver. The results also indicated that maternal fructose consumption affects the metabolism of thyroid hormones in offspring in response to both a fructose-rich diet and a Western diet high in fats and cholesterol. Keywords: Thyroid hormones; fructose; fetal programming; nutrigenomics; cholesterol; salt
{"title":"Nutrigenomic effects of fructose alone or associated with cholesterol or salt on thyroid hormone function. Influence of maternal intake","authors":"Carla Marcuccini Toledo, Elena Fauste Alonso, Madelín Pérez Armas, Cristina Donis Rodríguez, María Isabel Panadero Antón, Paola Otero Gómez, Carlos Bocos de Prada","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, there has been a concerning increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases on a global scale, posing a significant challenge to public health. One of the determining factors related to diet and associated with these diseases is the rise in the consumption of added sugars, whether in the form of sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in fetal programming, influencing the optimal development of offspring. A close association has been documented between a maternal diet rich in fructose and long-term adverse effects on the health of their descendants. Nutrition also influences the metabolism of thyroid hormones, which could impact the onset of metabolic diseases.\u0000With this background, a study was conducted that analyzed the plasma concentration of free T4 and the gene expression levels of various components related to thyroid hormones in the liver and ileum of male rats descended from mothers who consumed fructose during pregnancy. The results were compared to those found in descendants of mothers who did not receive this supplement. Despite not observing changes in plasma free T4 levels, it was found that fructose consumption reduced the expression of the THRa receptor in the liver. The results also indicated that maternal fructose consumption affects the metabolism of thyroid hormones in offspring in response to both a fructose-rich diet and a Western diet high in fats and cholesterol.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Thyroid hormones; fructose; fetal programming; nutrigenomics; cholesterol; salt","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"16 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.04
Antonio Toro Ruiz, Fernando López Carmona, M. J. Zarzuelo
Community pharmacies, with more patient interaction than primary care physicians (PCP), are well-positioned to detect medication-related problems (DRP). The case of José, 82, diagnosed with hypertension in 2002, highlights the collaborative role of pharmacists. Despite regular antihypertensive treatment, José’s blood pressure rose, prompting a thorough assessment of his medication history. A self-measurement of blood pressure (SMBP) revealed consistently high readings, leading to suspicion of primary hyperaldosteronism. Referral to the PCP was accompanied by a detailed referral letter, justifying the suspicion and recommending specific diagnostic tests. José experienced hypotension during a summer holiday, further substantiating the suspicion. Diagnostic tests, including an MRI, revealed a 2mm aldosterone-producing adenoma. While awaiting surgery, José maintained his antihypertensive therapy, with post-surgery evaluation planned. The case underscores the pharmacist’s crucial role in screening for resistant hypertension, collaborative care, and considering multiple factors in diagnostic decisions. Keywords: Adenoma; resistant hypertension; interprofessional collaboration
{"title":"Detection and management of a case of drug-resistant hypertension","authors":"Antonio Toro Ruiz, Fernando López Carmona, M. J. Zarzuelo","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Community pharmacies, with more patient interaction than primary care physicians (PCP), are well-positioned to detect medication-related problems (DRP). The case of José, 82, diagnosed with hypertension in 2002, highlights the collaborative role of pharmacists. Despite regular antihypertensive treatment, José’s blood pressure rose, prompting a thorough assessment of his medication history. A self-measurement of blood pressure (SMBP) revealed consistently high readings, leading to suspicion of primary hyperaldosteronism. Referral to the PCP was accompanied by a detailed referral letter, justifying the suspicion and recommending specific diagnostic tests. José experienced hypotension during a summer holiday, further substantiating the suspicion. Diagnostic tests, including an MRI, revealed a 2mm aldosterone-producing adenoma. While awaiting surgery, José maintained his antihypertensive therapy, with post-surgery evaluation planned. The case underscores the pharmacist’s crucial role in screening for resistant hypertension, collaborative care, and considering multiple factors in diagnostic decisions.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Adenoma; resistant hypertension; interprofessional collaboration","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.05
Fernando Rius Alarcó
Given the recent spread of the Covid-19 disease, World Health Organisation (WHO) declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Among other things, the need for the use of drugs arises. There are three possibilities: monoclonal antibodies, antiviral drugs and vaccines. The limitations of the first two are well known; the efficacy and safety of vaccines have been shown to be superior, having saved billions of lives. The RNA vaccine has been possible after modification of this naked nucleic acid. Once “stabilized”, it is necessary to have an excipient that allows its formulation, ensuring stability, safety and efficacy after administration. Lipid nanoparticles have supposedly made it viable. December 8, 2019 will go down in history as the first day when an mRNA drug was administered to a human being. But this date also allows a reflection beyond medicine: was the RNA molecule that, as documented by some scientists, 3.5 billion years ago originated life, being administered? RNA, DNA, proteins and lipid membranes have been suggested as the origin of life. Will formulating these same four components usher in a new era in pharmacology? Keywords: vaccines; coronavirus; injectables ;modified RNA; lipidic nanoparticles
{"title":"The mRNA COVID 19 vaccine: More than a drug?","authors":"Fernando Rius Alarcó","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2024.90.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Given the recent spread of the Covid-19 disease, World Health Organisation (WHO) declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Among other things, the need for the use of drugs arises. There are three possibilities: monoclonal antibodies, antiviral drugs and vaccines. The limitations of the first two are well known; the efficacy and safety of vaccines have been shown to be superior, having saved billions of lives.\u0000The RNA vaccine has been possible after modification of this naked nucleic acid. Once “stabilized”, it is necessary to have an excipient that allows its formulation, ensuring stability, safety and efficacy after administration. Lipid nanoparticles have supposedly made it viable.\u0000December 8, 2019 will go down in history as the first day when an mRNA drug was administered to a human being. But this date also allows a reflection beyond medicine: was the RNA molecule that, as documented by some scientists, 3.5 billion years ago originated life, being administered? RNA, DNA, proteins and lipid membranes have been suggested as the origin of life. Will formulating these same four components usher in a new era in pharmacology?\u0000\u0000Keywords: vaccines; coronavirus; injectables ;modified RNA; lipidic nanoparticles","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"233 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LYTACs (LYsosome TArgeting Chimeras) are a novel pharmacological strategy based on the targeted protein degradation of extracellular and transmembrane proteins. Their mechanism of action is based on the use of a membrane receptor to internalize a target protein and mediate its lysosomal degradation. To date, its development has been focused on the use of antibodies for target binding, which has certain disadvantages from the pharmacokinetic and synthetic point of view. The aim of this work is to design a LYTAC capable of inducing the selective degradation of MMP-2 (LYTAC-MMP2), a matrix metalloprotease that is overexpressed in many types of cancer. LYTAC-MMP2 consists of a cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) ligand and a selective MMP-2 inhibitor developed by our research group. Computational methods of homology modelling, docking and molecular dynamics have been used to study the CI-MPR receptor and its internalization mechanism, as well as for the comparison of the dynamic behaviour in water of a CI-MPR ligand described in the literature and LYTAC-MMP2.
{"title":"Computational design and evaluation of LYTACS for the selective degradation of MMP-2","authors":"Laura Márquez Cantudo, Cristina Valverde López-Gallego, Claire Coderch Boué, Beatriz Pascual-Teresa Fernández","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2023.89.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2023.89.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"LYTACs (LYsosome TArgeting Chimeras) are a novel pharmacological strategy based on the targeted protein degradation of extracellular and transmembrane proteins. Their mechanism of action is based on the use of a membrane receptor to internalize a target protein and mediate its lysosomal degradation. To date, its development has been focused on the use of antibodies for target binding, which has certain disadvantages from the pharmacokinetic and synthetic point of view. The aim of this work is to design a LYTAC capable of inducing the selective degradation of MMP-2 (LYTAC-MMP2), a matrix metalloprotease that is overexpressed in many types of cancer. LYTAC-MMP2 consists of a cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) ligand and a selective MMP-2 inhibitor developed by our research group. Computational methods of homology modelling, docking and molecular dynamics have been used to study the CI-MPR receptor and its internalization mechanism, as well as for the comparison of the dynamic behaviour in water of a CI-MPR ligand described in the literature and LYTAC-MMP2.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.53519/analesranf.2023.89.03.05
Jorge Humberto Restrepo Zapata, Adriana Barrera Reyes, Kiary Dayana Heredia Diosa, Paola Andrea Ospina Atehortua, Brenda Alejandra Salazar Delgado
Introduction: Counterfeiting and/or adulteration of medicines is a public health problem which is increasingly reflected in the country; One way to avoid it, whether on a small scale, is the correct use of the blue dot, thus helping to effectively denature and destroy them. General Objective: Recognize the importance of preventing the illegal trade of medicines using the blue point, in the stages of commercialization and destruction of the product, in the municipalities of Santiago de Cali, La Unión and Jamundí in the Department of Valle del Cauca. Specific Objectives: Measure the degree of knowledge of the blue dot in terms of its functionality and impact on the population of Santiago Cali and the municipality of La Uniòn Valle. Analyze the incidence of drug display in recycling material and its level of commercialization in Santiago de Cali and Jamundi. Method: A descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted, with a quantitative approach that included a sample of 171 people from the municipality of Santiago de Cali and eighty-nine people from the municipality of La Union Valle, a sample of twenty-one recyclers from the municipality of Santiago de Cali and twenty recyclers from the municipality of Jamundí. The study was conducted between October and November 2022. Two validated questionnaires were used, one completed online (group A) and the other in person (group B), which was developed voluntarily. Results: Regarding the group of people surveyed in group A, 45, equivalent to 26.3% of the universe of the population surveyed in Cali, are aware of the blue dot, while 126 people, equivalent to 73.7%, are unaware of it. In Unión Valle, 14 people, equivalent to 15.7%, know about the blue dot, while 75 people, equivalent to 84.3%, are unaware of it. In group B, the findings of medicines in recycling are measured: in Santiago de Cali 21 people, equivalent to 100% of the universe of the population, have found medicines and from the Municipality of Jamundí 20 people, equivalent to 100% of the universe of the population, they have also found medicines. Conclusion: The main cause of falsification of medicines about the non-use of the blue dot is due to ignorance of its existence.
{"title":"Illegal trade in medicines, problems focused on points of distribution and destruction: units for the disposal of medicines and supplies","authors":"Jorge Humberto Restrepo Zapata, Adriana Barrera Reyes, Kiary Dayana Heredia Diosa, Paola Andrea Ospina Atehortua, Brenda Alejandra Salazar Delgado","doi":"10.53519/analesranf.2023.89.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2023.89.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Counterfeiting and/or adulteration of medicines is a public health problem which is increasingly reflected in the country; One way to avoid it, whether on a small scale, is the correct use of the blue dot, thus helping to effectively denature and destroy them. General Objective: Recognize the importance of preventing the illegal trade of medicines using the blue point, in the stages of commercialization and destruction of the product, in the municipalities of Santiago de Cali, La Unión and Jamundí in the Department of Valle del Cauca. Specific Objectives: Measure the degree of knowledge of the blue dot in terms of its functionality and impact on the population of Santiago Cali and the municipality of La Uniòn Valle. Analyze the incidence of drug display in recycling material and its level of commercialization in Santiago de Cali and Jamundi. Method: A descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted, with a quantitative approach that included a sample of 171 people from the municipality of Santiago de Cali and eighty-nine people from the municipality of La Union Valle, a sample of twenty-one recyclers from the municipality of Santiago de Cali and twenty recyclers from the municipality of Jamundí. The study was conducted between October and November 2022. Two validated questionnaires were used, one completed online (group A) and the other in person (group B), which was developed voluntarily. Results: Regarding the group of people surveyed in group A, 45, equivalent to 26.3% of the universe of the population surveyed in Cali, are aware of the blue dot, while 126 people, equivalent to 73.7%, are unaware of it. In Unión Valle, 14 people, equivalent to 15.7%, know about the blue dot, while 75 people, equivalent to 84.3%, are unaware of it. In group B, the findings of medicines in recycling are measured: in Santiago de Cali 21 people, equivalent to 100% of the universe of the population, have found medicines and from the Municipality of Jamundí 20 people, equivalent to 100% of the universe of the population, they have also found medicines. Conclusion: The main cause of falsification of medicines about the non-use of the blue dot is due to ignorance of its existence.","PeriodicalId":50795,"journal":{"name":"Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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