Dapsone Induced Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome - A Case Report

Abstract

A 50-year-old male Sudanese patient presented with a three-week history of jaundice, high-grade fever, and mucocutaneous eruption. For last months he was on compound therapy for leprosy, which had been confirmed recently. The patient’s face was prominent, along with the erythematous dusky morbilliform rash covering all the body. On examination, we detected hepatosplenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. Laboratory investigations revealed hepatorenal impairment, and hematological analysis revealed leukocytosis mainly due to eosinophilia. The clinical and laboratory findings interpretation ranked DRESS or Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS) on top of possible causes before Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DHS) and lepra reactions. We promptly discontinued MDT, admitted him to the dermatological ward. Two skin biopsies were sent to two different histopathologists, MF was suggested by one and Sezary syndrome by the other one. Besides the general conservative measures and vital functions monitoring, he received systemic and topical steroids. However, unfortunately, within the next three weeks, his condition deteriorated, and passed away from multi-systems failure.