Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87560
Gaurirani Anil Telang, A. A. Monde, K. S. Ashtekar, U. Bagul
Background: Fungal infections pose a significant public health concern due to the extended duration of treatment needed and the frequent reoccurrence of the disease. Objectives: This study was aimed to enhance the permeability of luliconazole with sustain release for prolonged period for the effective treatment of fungal infection by incorporating it into lipid based nanocarrier system. Methods: Luliconazole loaded leciplex were prepared by one step fabrication method using phospholipid, Dimethyldidodecyl ammonium bromide and transcutol P. The prepared leciplex were optimized by using Box Behnken statistical design. Furthermore, luliconazole loaded leciplex were incorporated into carbopol gel system and evaluated for various parameters. Results: The luliconazole loaded leciplex showed high entrapment efficiency (98.8% ± 1.2) and size were recorded around 428.11 nm with a polydispersity index value of 0.35 ± 0.12, along with zeta potential of +26.30 mV. The Transmission Electron Microscopy studies revealed the spherical morphology of the leciplex. The developed leciplex gel was evaluated for its pH, viscosity, spreadability, hardness and adhesiveness. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo release kinetics demonstrated the sustained drug release pattern. Moreover, histopathology studies conducted on the rat skin revealed that the prepared formulation was non - irritant and non – toxic. The antifungal assay of developed formulations (containing only 0.3 % w/v luliconazole) showed significantly greater antifungal activity against Candida albicans as compared to marketed formulation (containing 1 % w/v luliconazole). Conclusion: By taking all the results in to account it can be concluded that luliconazole loaded leciplex formulation is simple to prepare and showed excellent activity in against Candida albicans.
{"title":"Fabrication and Evaluation of Luliconazole Loaded Leciplex against Candidiasis","authors":"Gaurirani Anil Telang, A. A. Monde, K. S. Ashtekar, U. Bagul","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87560","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fungal infections pose a significant public health concern due to the extended duration of treatment needed and the frequent reoccurrence of the disease. \u0000Objectives: This study was aimed to enhance the permeability of luliconazole with sustain release for prolonged period for the effective treatment of fungal infection by incorporating it into lipid based nanocarrier system. \u0000Methods: Luliconazole loaded leciplex were prepared by one step fabrication method using phospholipid, Dimethyldidodecyl ammonium bromide and transcutol P. The prepared leciplex were optimized by using Box Behnken statistical design. Furthermore, luliconazole loaded leciplex were incorporated into carbopol gel system and evaluated for various parameters. \u0000Results: The luliconazole loaded leciplex showed high entrapment efficiency (98.8% ± 1.2) and size were recorded around 428.11 nm with a polydispersity index value of 0.35 ± 0.12, along with zeta potential of +26.30 mV. The Transmission Electron Microscopy studies revealed the spherical morphology of the leciplex. The developed leciplex gel was evaluated for its pH, viscosity, spreadability, hardness and adhesiveness. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo release kinetics demonstrated the sustained drug release pattern. Moreover, histopathology studies conducted on the rat skin revealed that the prepared formulation was non - irritant and non – toxic. The antifungal assay of developed formulations (containing only 0.3 % w/v luliconazole) showed significantly greater antifungal activity against Candida albicans as compared to marketed formulation (containing 1 % w/v luliconazole). \u0000Conclusion: By taking all the results in to account it can be concluded that luliconazole loaded leciplex formulation is simple to prepare and showed excellent activity in against Candida albicans.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87559
Rajeshwari Baskar, Daya Srinivasan
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a subclass of flavonoids that are widely distributed in different plant sources and have attracted interest due to their potential health advantages, especially in maintaining dental health. The purpose of this review is to better understand the properties and applications of proanthocyanidins in maintaining dental health. Proanthocyanidins have excellent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities that are vital for preventing oral illnesses such oral cancer, periodontal disorders, and dental caries. Furthermore, PAs have demonstrated efficacy in augmenting salivary flow, and encouraging tooth enamel remineralization. Moreover, proanthocyanidins are low in toxicity and have good biocompatibility, which makes them good choices for adding to a variety of mouthwash, toothpaste, and dental materials. Their minimal side effects and natural source make them even more desirable for use in oral health interventions. However, Further research is needed to fully investigate their therapeutic potential and optimize their use in preventive and treatment methods for oral diseases.
{"title":"Proanthocyanidins and Dental Health: Uncovering the Benefits","authors":"Rajeshwari Baskar, Daya Srinivasan","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87559","url":null,"abstract":"Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a subclass of flavonoids that are widely distributed in different plant sources and have attracted interest due to their potential health advantages, especially in maintaining dental health. The purpose of this review is to better understand the properties and applications of proanthocyanidins in maintaining dental health. Proanthocyanidins have excellent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities that are vital for preventing oral illnesses such oral cancer, periodontal disorders, and dental caries. Furthermore, PAs have demonstrated efficacy in augmenting salivary flow, and encouraging tooth enamel remineralization. Moreover, proanthocyanidins are low in toxicity and have good biocompatibility, which makes them good choices for adding to a variety of mouthwash, toothpaste, and dental materials. Their minimal side effects and natural source make them even more desirable for use in oral health interventions. However, Further research is needed to fully investigate their therapeutic potential and optimize their use in preventive and treatment methods for oral diseases.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87558
Priyanka Saharan, Shyo Paraksh Saharan
Objective: The main objective of this research was to develop a novel formulation with an herbal bioenhancer to boost the bioavailability of an anticancer drug that was poorly soluble in water and overcome its limitations of short half-life. Methods: Eudragit RLPO was used as a polymer in an emulsification solvent evaporation process to generate Docetaxel loaded bioenhancer (Piperine) nanoparticles and to evaluate its parameters. Results: The study demonstrated that encapsulating Docetaxel with herbal bioenhancers (Piperine) in a nanoparticle system effectively enhanced its in vitro release profile. The particle size range (142 to 189 nm) is optimal range for enhanced cellular uptake and improved bioavailability for nanoparticle drug delivery, and the drug release from all batches was significant, with a release percentage ranging from 83.69% to 96.44% over 24 hours. This indicates a controlled release profile, which is desirable for maintaining therapeutic drug levels over an extended period. The release data adhered to Fick's law of diffusion, suggesting that the drug release mechanism is diffusion-controlled. Higuchi's model best described the release kinetics, indicating that the release rate is proportional to the square root of time, which is typical for systems where the drug release is controlled by diffusion through a polymer matrix. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that encapsulating Docetaxel with herbal bioenhancers (Piperine) in a nanoparticle system effectively enhanced its in vitro release profile. The particle size range (142 to 189 nm) is optimal for nanoparticle drug delivery, and the release kinetics following Higuchi’s model confirm the controlled release mechanism. The significant finding that higher amounts of Piperine enhance drug release rates underscores the potential of using bioenhancers to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs like Docetaxel. These promising in vitro results pave the way for further in vivo pharmacokinetic and cytotoxicity studies to fully assess the therapeutic potential and bioavailability improvements provided by this novel formulation.
{"title":"Designing and Characterization of Docetaxel Loaded Nanoparticles with Piperine","authors":"Priyanka Saharan, Shyo Paraksh Saharan","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87558","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main objective of this research was to develop a novel formulation with an herbal bioenhancer to boost the bioavailability of an anticancer drug that was poorly soluble in water and overcome its limitations of short half-life. \u0000Methods: Eudragit RLPO was used as a polymer in an emulsification solvent evaporation process to generate Docetaxel loaded bioenhancer (Piperine) nanoparticles and to evaluate its parameters. \u0000Results: The study demonstrated that encapsulating Docetaxel with herbal bioenhancers (Piperine) in a nanoparticle system effectively enhanced its in vitro release profile. The particle size range (142 to 189 nm) is optimal range for enhanced cellular uptake and improved bioavailability for nanoparticle drug delivery, and the drug release from all batches was significant, with a release percentage ranging from 83.69% to 96.44% over 24 hours. This indicates a controlled release profile, which is desirable for maintaining therapeutic drug levels over an extended period. \u0000The release data adhered to Fick's law of diffusion, suggesting that the drug release mechanism is diffusion-controlled. Higuchi's model best described the release kinetics, indicating that the release rate is proportional to the square root of time, which is typical for systems where the drug release is controlled by diffusion through a polymer matrix. \u0000Conclusion: The study demonstrated that encapsulating Docetaxel with herbal bioenhancers (Piperine) in a nanoparticle system effectively enhanced its in vitro release profile. The particle size range (142 to 189 nm) is optimal for nanoparticle drug delivery, and the release kinetics following Higuchi’s model confirm the controlled release mechanism. The significant finding that higher amounts of Piperine enhance drug release rates underscores the potential of using bioenhancers to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs like Docetaxel. \u0000These promising in vitro results pave the way for further in vivo pharmacokinetic and cytotoxicity studies to fully assess the therapeutic potential and bioavailability improvements provided by this novel formulation.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87557
A. Fawehinmi, H. Lawal, E. U. Chimezie, A. T. Ola-Adedoyin, C.O Ahonsi
There has been reported increase in the use of herbal medicine preparations in the management of diseases in Africa over the past few decades. However, some of these preparations are contaminated with heavy metals which are toxic to both man and animals even at low concentration. Some of these heavy metals include cadmium, lead, zinc, chromium, arsenic and mercury. Availability of heavy metals in herbal medicine products may sometimes be due to plant materials used for production which are obtained from soils heavily contaminated or from the atmosphere. This study aimed to measure the levels of Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Hg in commercially available herbal products. Twenty products were purchased from traditional herbal medicine outlets in Lagos. The samples solutions were used to determine concentration of the heavy metals making use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained indicated that some of the heavy metals were found in various percentages in the herbal products. Lead was found in 75% of the samples with concentrations range of 0.02 – 1.24ppm, cadmium (75%) with concentration range of 0.01 – 1.23ppm, arsenic (75%) with range between 0.01 – 0.08ppm, mercury (70%) with range between 0.08 – 1.32ppm and copper (80%) with range between 0.03 – 1.25ppm. The concentrations of heavy metals in few of the commercially available herbal remedies were well below the acceptable global recommendations, however our findings revealed that at present, the amount of heavy metals in most of the herbal preparations need to be reduced to acceptable limits so as to avoid heavy metal poisoning.
{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination of Some Commercially Available Herbal Preparations in Nigeria","authors":"A. Fawehinmi, H. Lawal, E. U. Chimezie, A. T. Ola-Adedoyin, C.O Ahonsi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87557","url":null,"abstract":"There has been reported increase in the use of herbal medicine preparations in the management of diseases in Africa over the past few decades. However, some of these preparations are contaminated with heavy metals which are toxic to both man and animals even at low concentration. Some of these heavy metals include cadmium, lead, zinc, chromium, arsenic and mercury. Availability of heavy metals in herbal medicine products may sometimes be due to plant materials used for production which are obtained from soils heavily contaminated or from the atmosphere. This study aimed to measure the levels of Pb, Cd, As, Cu and Hg in commercially available herbal products. Twenty products were purchased from traditional herbal medicine outlets in Lagos. The samples solutions were used to determine concentration of the heavy metals making use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained indicated that some of the heavy metals were found in various percentages in the herbal products. Lead was found in 75% of the samples with concentrations range of 0.02 – 1.24ppm, cadmium (75%) with concentration range of 0.01 – 1.23ppm, arsenic (75%) with range between 0.01 – 0.08ppm, mercury (70%) with range between 0.08 – 1.32ppm and copper (80%) with range between 0.03 – 1.25ppm. The concentrations of heavy metals in few of the commercially available herbal remedies were well below the acceptable global recommendations, however our findings revealed that at present, the amount of heavy metals in most of the herbal preparations need to be reduced to acceptable limits so as to avoid heavy metal poisoning.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87556
R. Nakweti, Oscar Nsendo Mwangu-Kabi, Nkembolo Nkenda Cadette, S. Ndiku
Aims: Phyllanthus odontadenius is one of the genus Phyllanthus species, used for number diseases treatment including malaria. Malaria today poses a real public health problem for more than hundred countries, afflicted millions people and killed an estimated 405 000 in the World. The chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum to modern antimalarials which are either expensive, toxic or ineffective leads to the search for new antimalarials at lower cost, non-toxic and effective within plant biodiversity. Given the interest in various P. odontadenius crude extracts in vitro on P. falciparum, an in vivo study seems necessary in order to judge the extracts effectiveness of this plant. This study therefore aims to find justification for P. odontadenius secondary metabolites antiplasmodial activity which would have been revealed in the three samples from three different province sites. Study Design: Plants P. odontadenius samples from three province harvested and dried separately, plant phytochemistry screening realized, extracts preparation for antiplasmodial test, mice parasitization with P. berghei strain, orally administration drug; Parasiteamia determination using an immersion microscope. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiobiology, Applied Microbiology section, General Atomic Energy Commission, Regional Nuclear Studies Center of Kinshasa. MPI and pharmacognosy laboratories in the National Biomedical Research Institute (INRB). This work took place over the period from October 11, 2020 to March 12, 2021. Methodology: Phytochemical screening P. odontadenius samples was previously determined with the chemical reagent reactions and TLC. Then, P. odontadenius methanol extracts from aerial parts harvested in three sites (Kinshasa, Kasangulu and Kwango-bridge) were administered to test mice (12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg//kg bw) after infected mice with the Plasmodium berghei strain. DMSO 10% and quinine 10 mg/kg bw were also used as controls for comparison with the samples of P. odontadenius extracts. After 5 days, parasitemia of each test and controls mice was determined. Percent of parasitemia, parasite density and percent of inhibition were calculated. Finally, the effect dose 50 of each P. odontadenius specimen was finally determined. Results: Parasiteamia rates of negative control (DMSO 10%) was high (69.98±15.03%) comparing to positive control (27.43±11.46%) and tested mice with P. odontadenius extracts (12.5 and 25 mg/kg bw) which percent’s varied from 24.66±15.84% to 59.01±22.44%. Negative control presented high parasite density with 11,342 (±2,436) comparing to the positive control (4,447±1,857) and all P. odontadenius methanol extracts which varied from 3,995±2,343 for 25 mg/kg bw to 9,570±3,319 for 12.5 mg/kg bw. Parasiteamia reduction rates followed inversely parasite density, thus, Po3 25 mg/kg bw had high parasiteamia reduction rate (65.23%) comparing to positive control with 61.32% and to P. odontadenius methanol extracts. Po3 present
{"title":"In vivo Antiplasmodial Assessment of Phyllanthus odontadenius against Plasmodium berghei in NMRI Mice","authors":"R. Nakweti, Oscar Nsendo Mwangu-Kabi, Nkembolo Nkenda Cadette, S. Ndiku","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i87556","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Phyllanthus odontadenius is one of the genus Phyllanthus species, used for number diseases treatment including malaria. Malaria today poses a real public health problem for more than hundred countries, afflicted millions people and killed an estimated 405 000 in the World. The chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum to modern antimalarials which are either expensive, toxic or ineffective leads to the search for new antimalarials at lower cost, non-toxic and effective within plant biodiversity. Given the interest in various P. odontadenius crude extracts in vitro on P. falciparum, an in vivo study seems necessary in order to judge the extracts effectiveness of this plant. This study therefore aims to find justification for P. odontadenius secondary metabolites antiplasmodial activity which would have been revealed in the three samples from three different province sites. \u0000Study Design: Plants P. odontadenius samples from three province harvested and dried separately, plant phytochemistry screening realized, extracts preparation for antiplasmodial test, mice parasitization with P. berghei strain, orally administration drug; Parasiteamia determination using an immersion microscope. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiobiology, Applied Microbiology section, General Atomic Energy Commission, Regional Nuclear Studies Center of Kinshasa. MPI and pharmacognosy laboratories in the National Biomedical Research Institute (INRB). This work took place over the period from October 11, 2020 to March 12, 2021. \u0000Methodology: Phytochemical screening P. odontadenius samples was previously determined with the chemical reagent reactions and TLC. Then, P. odontadenius methanol extracts from aerial parts harvested in three sites (Kinshasa, Kasangulu and Kwango-bridge) were administered to test mice (12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg//kg bw) after infected mice with the Plasmodium berghei strain. DMSO 10% and quinine 10 mg/kg bw were also used as controls for comparison with the samples of P. odontadenius extracts. After 5 days, parasitemia of each test and controls mice was determined. Percent of parasitemia, parasite density and percent of inhibition were calculated. Finally, the effect dose 50 of each P. odontadenius specimen was finally determined. \u0000Results: Parasiteamia rates of negative control (DMSO 10%) was high (69.98±15.03%) comparing to positive control (27.43±11.46%) and tested mice with P. odontadenius extracts (12.5 and 25 mg/kg bw) which percent’s varied from 24.66±15.84% to 59.01±22.44%. Negative control presented high parasite density with 11,342 (±2,436) comparing to the positive control (4,447±1,857) and all P. odontadenius methanol extracts which varied from 3,995±2,343 for 25 mg/kg bw to 9,570±3,319 for 12.5 mg/kg bw. Parasiteamia reduction rates followed inversely parasite density, thus, Po3 25 mg/kg bw had high parasiteamia reduction rate (65.23%) comparing to positive control with 61.32% and to P. odontadenius methanol extracts. Po3 present","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77538
Waad Abdulaziz Sabbagh, Hani Raka Karrar, M. Nouh, Nouran M. Alkhaifi, Samar Y. Badayyan, Lamer K. Shaikh, Nourah A. Al Ghamdi, Fai F. Abdullah
Pneumonia is a major worldwide health issue, impacting millions of individuals annually and leading to a significant number of hospitalizations and fatalities. Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality in children globally, responsible for almost 15% of all fatalities in children under 5 years old, as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Pneumonia is a prominent reason for hospitalization in the United States, resulting in around 1.5 million hospital admissions annually. Pneumonia is most prevalent in the elderly population, especially those who are 65 years old and above, and persons with preexisting medical disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, diabetes, or a compromised immune system. Pneumonia can vary in severity, ranging from a minor case that can be managed at home to a severe and life-threatening infection that necessitates hospitalization and intense medical care. The symptoms and severity of pneumonia might vary based on the underlying cause, the individual's age and overall health status, and other factors. Pneumonia is a severe respiratory infection that can be caused by several pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and unusual microorganisms. It is defined by the presence of inflammation in the alveoli, which are the small air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. This inflammation can result in the buildup of fluid or pus, which can hinder the lungs' functionality and impede the body's capacity to obtain sufficient oxygen. The significant burden of pneumonia globally, especially on vulnerable populations like children and the elderly, underscores the need for improved prevention, early detection, and effective treatment strategies. The range in severity highlights the importance of timely and appropriate medical care, as well as the need for patient education on recognizing and seeking treatment for pneumonia. Understanding the diverse etiologies and risk factors for pneumonia can inform the development of targeted interventions and public health measures to reduce the impact of this major respiratory illness.
{"title":"Perspective of Pneumonia in the Health-Care Setting","authors":"Waad Abdulaziz Sabbagh, Hani Raka Karrar, M. Nouh, Nouran M. Alkhaifi, Samar Y. Badayyan, Lamer K. Shaikh, Nourah A. Al Ghamdi, Fai F. Abdullah","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77538","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia is a major worldwide health issue, impacting millions of individuals annually and leading to a significant number of hospitalizations and fatalities. Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality in children globally, responsible for almost 15% of all fatalities in children under 5 years old, as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Pneumonia is a prominent reason for hospitalization in the United States, resulting in around 1.5 million hospital admissions annually. Pneumonia is most prevalent in the elderly population, especially those who are 65 years old and above, and persons with preexisting medical disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, diabetes, or a compromised immune system. Pneumonia can vary in severity, ranging from a minor case that can be managed at home to a severe and life-threatening infection that necessitates hospitalization and intense medical care. The symptoms and severity of pneumonia might vary based on the underlying cause, the individual's age and overall health status, and other factors. Pneumonia is a severe respiratory infection that can be caused by several pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and unusual microorganisms. It is defined by the presence of inflammation in the alveoli, which are the small air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. This inflammation can result in the buildup of fluid or pus, which can hinder the lungs' functionality and impede the body's capacity to obtain sufficient oxygen. The significant burden of pneumonia globally, especially on vulnerable populations like children and the elderly, underscores the need for improved prevention, early detection, and effective treatment strategies. The range in severity highlights the importance of timely and appropriate medical care, as well as the need for patient education on recognizing and seeking treatment for pneumonia. Understanding the diverse etiologies and risk factors for pneumonia can inform the development of targeted interventions and public health measures to reduce the impact of this major respiratory illness.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"31 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77537
Swamini Sandesh Kadam, Charushila J. Bhangale
Green chemistry is the practice of creating chemical items and methods that diminish or totally dispose of the utilize or generation of unsafe compounds. This speaks to new, progressive advancement within the study of chemistry. The 12 directing standards for green chemistry were to begin with recognized in 19th century and utilizing on pharmaceutical sector as well as standard of living. This review article describing different challenges facing on the green chemistry and underline the positive impact on the environment and creates the modern financial openings. Within the future utilizing green chemistry to assist reach supportability objectives is coming a progressively attractive investigate zone. This review article concluded that the reusing is a basic part of green chemistry since it shields of people, animals, and plants from unsafe chemicals on the environment.
{"title":"A Review on Challenges and Impact of Green Chemistry on Environment","authors":"Swamini Sandesh Kadam, Charushila J. Bhangale","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i77537","url":null,"abstract":"Green chemistry is the practice of creating chemical items and methods that diminish or totally dispose of the utilize or generation of unsafe compounds. This speaks to new, progressive advancement within the study of chemistry. The 12 directing standards for green chemistry were to begin with recognized in 19th century and utilizing on pharmaceutical sector as well as standard of living. This review article describing different challenges facing on the green chemistry and underline the positive impact on the environment and creates the modern financial openings. Within the future utilizing green chemistry to assist reach supportability objectives is coming a progressively attractive investigate zone. This review article concluded that the reusing is a basic part of green chemistry since it shields of people, animals, and plants from unsafe chemicals on the environment.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67531
Salam Anupama, Oinam Gokulchandra Singh, Mohammed Abdulmohsen Alsubaie, Fayazul Haq, F. Alanazi
Aims: To investigate the prevalence of work-related repetitive stress injuries amongst the healthcare professionals in large tertiary care hospital Materials & Methods: The study was conducted on 42 healthcare professionals (22 males and 20 females. The participants of the age range between 18 to 65 years. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated research instrument questionnaire consisting of 52 questions divided into multiple parts. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the demographic characteristics and information regarding the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal work disorders of the respondents. This study was conducted at teaching hospital of Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Haryana, India in different department between November, 2018 and April, 2019. Results: A total of the 42 respondents were returned and properly filled questionnaires. Out of total 42 respondents, 5(11.9%) of the health care workers did not have any work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD). It is reported that overall 52.3% of the respondents were male and 47.7% were female. It has several strata such as four radiologist, six medical physicians/general physicians; four physiotherapists; seven dentists; nine radiographers; four laboratory technologists; eight nurses respectively. Amongst the health professional workers, dentists were the most prevalence of occurring work related musculoskeletal disorder followed by radiographer, physiotherapist, radiologist, laboratory technologist, medical physician, and nurse. However, neck pain being the most common affected body region where 5 dentists were recorded. Subsequently, neck pain account to 40.4% amongst the health care workers followed by shoulder pain 23.8%, hand pain 11.9%, lower back pain 7.2% and wrist pain 4.8%. Conclusion: Based on our study, the finding demonstrated the top three most prevalence occurring musculoskeletal disorder amongst health professional are dentist, radiographer and physiotherapist. Larger sample size would be required in order show an empirical evidence.
{"title":"Prevalence of Work-Related Repetitive Stress Injuries amongst the Health Care Workers in Large Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Salam Anupama, Oinam Gokulchandra Singh, Mohammed Abdulmohsen Alsubaie, Fayazul Haq, F. Alanazi","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67531","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To investigate the prevalence of work-related repetitive stress injuries amongst the healthcare professionals in large tertiary care hospital\u0000Materials & Methods: The study was conducted on 42 healthcare professionals (22 males and 20 females. The participants of the age range between 18 to 65 years. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated research instrument questionnaire consisting of 52 questions divided into multiple parts. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the demographic characteristics and information regarding the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal work disorders of the respondents. This study was conducted at teaching hospital of Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Haryana, India in different department between November, 2018 and April, 2019.\u0000Results: A total of the 42 respondents were returned and properly filled questionnaires. Out of total 42 respondents, 5(11.9%) of the health care workers did not have any work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD). It is reported that overall 52.3% of the respondents were male and 47.7% were female. It has several strata such as four radiologist, six medical physicians/general physicians; four physiotherapists; seven dentists; nine radiographers; four laboratory technologists; eight nurses respectively. Amongst the health professional workers, dentists were the most prevalence of occurring work related musculoskeletal disorder followed by radiographer, physiotherapist, radiologist, laboratory technologist, medical physician, and nurse. However, neck pain being the most common affected body region where 5 dentists were recorded. Subsequently, neck pain account to 40.4% amongst the health care workers followed by shoulder pain 23.8%, hand pain 11.9%, lower back pain 7.2% and wrist pain 4.8%.\u0000Conclusion: Based on our study, the finding demonstrated the top three most prevalence occurring musculoskeletal disorder amongst health professional are dentist, radiographer and physiotherapist. Larger sample size would be required in order show an empirical evidence.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"77 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67530
Hire Gauri, Bhangale Charushila
The topic and title concern the modern technology study and review with the aid and aiming the therapeutic interpretation and overall emphases on a novel corona virus disease called COVID-19, a respiratory disorder; to overcome the disease and its prevention, the article is determined here. As the modern technique to demonstrate the overview of the virus and its cause, prevention, treatment and how the so-called modern technique, namely “nanotechnology” and its various components and factors are valuable and helpful with their pharmacological effects, implications, and other therapeutic interventions in treating the viral infection is discussed and reviewed. Several essential factors with nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and technology-based applications by reduction of spreadability of infections with nanoformulation antibiotics and pharmaceuticals are demonstrated in the article. For increased patient and healthcare worker safety, nano-based antimicrobial technologies are included too. Again binding, entrance, replication, and budding of COVID-19 can be targeted by the antiviral properties of nanoparticles which is actual need of the study. One factor that restricts its use and should be further researched and altered is the toxicity-related inorganic nanoparticles observed and need to investigate further for vigilance, one must say. The article describes several facts about nanotechnology in treating and preventing infection and its therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"Nanotechnology and Therapeutic Interventions in COVID–19: A Review","authors":"Hire Gauri, Bhangale Charushila","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67530","url":null,"abstract":"The topic and title concern the modern technology study and review with the aid and aiming the therapeutic interpretation and overall emphases on a novel corona virus disease called COVID-19, a respiratory disorder; to overcome the disease and its prevention, the article is determined here. As the modern technique to demonstrate the overview of the virus and its cause, prevention, treatment and how the so-called modern technique, namely “nanotechnology” and its various components and factors are valuable and helpful with their pharmacological effects, implications, and other therapeutic interventions in treating the viral infection is discussed and reviewed. Several essential factors with nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and technology-based applications by reduction of spreadability of infections with nanoformulation antibiotics and pharmaceuticals are demonstrated in the article. For increased patient and healthcare worker safety, nano-based antimicrobial technologies are included too. Again binding, entrance, replication, and budding of COVID-19 can be targeted by the antiviral properties of nanoparticles which is actual need of the study. One factor that restricts its use and should be further researched and altered is the toxicity-related inorganic nanoparticles observed and need to investigate further for vigilance, one must say. The article describes several facts about nanotechnology in treating and preventing infection and its therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":"39 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast Cancer is a major health concern in India, where it is highly lethal for women because of unchecked cell proliferation and metastasis, which are frequently caused by interactions between the Estrogen Receptor Alpha and other receptors. Even though they work well, synthetic Anthelmintics come with dangers to the health of both humans and animals. Therefore, creating effective and safe Anthelmintics from plant sources is our main goal. We extracted Mimosa pudica leaves with ethanol using a Soxhlet system, and after concentration, we examined the extract using GC-MS, FTIR, and UV techniques. Estrogen Receptor structure and flavonoid compound databases from PubChem and Protein Data Bank were used for in silico testing against Breast Cancer and anthelmintic action, respectively. Using molecular docking and drug similarity investigations, the effectiveness of natural compounds against Breast Cancer was evaluated.
{"title":"Phytochemical Study, Evaluation of Antihelminthic Potential and In silico Screening for Breast Cancer Using Mimosa pudica Linn.","authors":"Aravinth Velmurugan, Keerthana Chandramohan, Ganeshan Thamizhselvan, Yogesh Shokkalingam, Venkatesan Natarajan, Pradeepraj Devarasu, Thamizh Sendhamaraikannan","doi":"10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2024/v36i67529","url":null,"abstract":"Breast Cancer is a major health concern in India, where it is highly lethal for women because of unchecked cell proliferation and metastasis, which are frequently caused by interactions between the Estrogen Receptor Alpha and other receptors. Even though they work well, synthetic Anthelmintics come with dangers to the health of both humans and animals. Therefore, creating effective and safe Anthelmintics from plant sources is our main goal. We extracted Mimosa pudica leaves with ethanol using a Soxhlet system, and after concentration, we examined the extract using GC-MS, FTIR, and UV techniques. Estrogen Receptor structure and flavonoid compound databases from PubChem and Protein Data Bank were used for in silico testing against Breast Cancer and anthelmintic action, respectively. Using molecular docking and drug similarity investigations, the effectiveness of natural compounds against Breast Cancer was evaluated.","PeriodicalId":16718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International","volume":" December","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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