Evaluating Knowledge, Practice, and Barriers to Informed Consent Among Professional and Staff Nurses in South Africa: An Empirical Study

Abstract

and Study. abstract Background: Informed consent (IC) is an ethical and legal obligation protected by constitutional rights to bodily integrity, well-being, and privacy in South Africa. The National Health Act 2003 codified IC regulations, requiring that all healthcare professionals inform patients about diagnosis, risks, benefits, options, and refusal rights while factoring in patients’ language and literacy levels. Objectives: This study’s primary aim was to determine the extent of South African professional/staff nurses’ compliance with current IC regulations and ascertain socio-cultural impediments impacting proper IC practice. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using semi-structured questionnaires was used to evaluate knowledge and practice of IC among nurses in KwaZulu-Natal province. Data were analyzed using SPSS, v.21. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and content analysis were used to compare nursing domains. Results: Three hundred fifty-five (355) nurses, 92% females, with 1 to 41 years of professional experience, completed this study. Information disclosed by nurses to patients included diagnosis (77%), treatment benefits (71%), risks (69%), recommendations (65%), risks of refusal (80%), and right of refusal (67%). Nurses (80%) felt information disclosure was adequate, while 85% reported that patients understood disclosed information. Conclusions: Nurses practicing in local public hospitals had moderate knowledge of IC regulations. Practical implementation appeared deficient. Barriers to IC included language, workload, time constraints, lack of interpreters, and skewed gender norms in the nursing profession. Nurses require continuing professional education in healthcare law and ethics, a “corps of trained interpreters”, and gender transformation in the nursing profession to improve IC practice and overall quality of healthcare service delivery in South Africa. Résumé Abstract Contexte : Le consentement éclairé (CE) est une obligation éthique et juridique protégée par les droits constitutionnels à l’intégrité corporelle, au bien-être et à la vie privée en Afrique du Sud. La loi nationale sur la santé de 2003 a codifié les règlements en matière de CE, exigeant que tous les professionnels de la santé informent les patients sur le diagnostic, les risques, les avantages, les options et les droits de refus, tout en tenant compte de la langue et du niveau d’alphabétisation des patients. Objectifs : L’objectif principal de cette étude était de déterminer le degré de conformité des infirmières professionnelles/du personnel infirmier sud-africain avec les réglementations actuelles en matière de CI et de vérifier les obstacles socioculturels ayant un impact sur la pratique correcte de la CE. Méthodes : Une enquête transversale utilisant des questionnaires semi-structurés a été utilisée pour évaluer les connaissances et la pratique de la CE parmi les infirmières de la province de KwaZulu-Natal. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de SPSS, v.21. Des statistiques descriptives, des tests de chi carré et une analyse de contenu ont été utilisés pour comparer les cadres/domaines infirmiers. Résultats : Trois cent cinquante-cinq (355) infirmières, 92% de femmes, ayant de 1 à 41 province. Data were analyzed using SPSS, v.21. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and content analysis were used to compare nursing domains. Results: Three hundred fifty-five (355) nurses, 92% females, with 1 to 41 years of professional experience, completed this study. Information disclosed by nurses to patients included diagnosis (77%), treatment benefits (71%), risks (69%), recommendations (65%), risks of refusal (80%), and right of refusal (67%). Nurses (80%) felt information disclosure was adequate, while 85% reported that patients understood disclosed information. Conclusions: Nurses practicing in local public hospitals had moderate knowledge of IC regulations. Practical implementation appeared deficient. Barriers to IC included language, workload, time constraints, lack of interpreters, and skewed gender norms in the nursing profession. Nurses require continuing professional education in healthcare law and ethics, a “corps of trained interpreters”, and gender transformation in the nursing profession to improve IC practice and overall quality of healthcare service delivery in South Africa. semi-structured questionnaires descriptive approach gender disparity in registered nurse gender in