L. Leblanc, S. Ménard, C. Maïano, Louis Perron, Catherine Baril, Nicole Ouellette-Hughes
{"title":"Developing a New Clinical Ethics Framework for Rehab: A Pre-Implementation Evaluation from the Perspective of Future Users","authors":"L. Leblanc, S. Ménard, C. Maïano, Louis Perron, Catherine Baril, Nicole Ouellette-Hughes","doi":"10.7202/1098555ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098555ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frameworks and Practices in Bioethics","authors":"J. Dwyer","doi":"10.7202/1098562ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098562ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kesi Disha, Andria Bianchi, R. Shanker, Nikolija Lukich
{"title":"Where Do I Go to Wait? Ethical Considerations During the 90 Day Reflection Period for MAiD","authors":"Kesi Disha, Andria Bianchi, R. Shanker, Nikolija Lukich","doi":"10.7202/1098559ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098559ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Ethics Journey: From Kant to Assisted Suicide","authors":"Michael S. Gordon","doi":"10.7202/1098567ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098567ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Respect for Patient Confidentiality Must Not Be Dependent Upon a Fee: The Case of Adolescents’ Access to Contraceptives in Ontario","authors":"J. Brisson","doi":"10.7202/1098569ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098569ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71266004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kayla Wiebe, Simon Kelley, Annie Fecteau, Mark Levine, Iram Blajchman, Randi Zlotnik Shaul, Roxanne Kirsch
The allocation of critical care resources and triaging patients garnered a great deal of attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is a paucity of guidance regarding the ethical aspects of resource allocation and patient prioritization in ‘normal’ circumstances for Canadian healthcare systems. One context where allocation and prioritization decisions are required are surgical waitlists, which have been globally exacerbated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we detail the process used to develop an ethics framework to support prioritization for elective surgery at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, a tertiary pediatric hospital. Our goal was to provide guidance for the more value-laden aspects of prioritization, particularly when clinical urgency alone is insufficient to dictate priority. With this goal in mind, we worked to capture familial, relational, and equity considerations. As part of our institution’s concerted efforts to ethically and effectively address our surgical backlog, an ethics working group was formed comprising clinicians from surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, a hospital bioethicist, a parent advisor, and an academic bioethics researcher. A reflective equilibrium process was used to develop an ethics framework. To this end, the same methodology was used to create a support for patient prioritization that identifies clinically and morally relevant factors for prioritization among medically similar surgical cases, with a substantive goal being to identify and redress health inequities in surgical prioritization, inasmuch as this is possible. While further steps are needed to validate several aspects of the framework, our research suggests that an ethics framework grounded in the practical realities of hospital operations provides consistency, transparency, and needed support for decisions that are often left to individual clinicians, as well as an opportunity to reflect upon the presence of health inequities in all domains of healthcare delivery.
{"title":"Operationalizing Equity in Surgical Prioritization","authors":"Kayla Wiebe, Simon Kelley, Annie Fecteau, Mark Levine, Iram Blajchman, Randi Zlotnik Shaul, Roxanne Kirsch","doi":"10.7202/1101124ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1101124ar","url":null,"abstract":"The allocation of critical care resources and triaging patients garnered a great deal of attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is a paucity of guidance regarding the ethical aspects of resource allocation and patient prioritization in ‘normal’ circumstances for Canadian healthcare systems. One context where allocation and prioritization decisions are required are surgical waitlists, which have been globally exacerbated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we detail the process used to develop an ethics framework to support prioritization for elective surgery at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, a tertiary pediatric hospital. Our goal was to provide guidance for the more value-laden aspects of prioritization, particularly when clinical urgency alone is insufficient to dictate priority. With this goal in mind, we worked to capture familial, relational, and equity considerations. As part of our institution’s concerted efforts to ethically and effectively address our surgical backlog, an ethics working group was formed comprising clinicians from surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, a hospital bioethicist, a parent advisor, and an academic bioethics researcher. A reflective equilibrium process was used to develop an ethics framework. To this end, the same methodology was used to create a support for patient prioritization that identifies clinically and morally relevant factors for prioritization among medically similar surgical cases, with a substantive goal being to identify and redress health inequities in surgical prioritization, inasmuch as this is possible. While further steps are needed to validate several aspects of the framework, our research suggests that an ethics framework grounded in the practical realities of hospital operations provides consistency, transparency, and needed support for decisions that are often left to individual clinicians, as well as an opportunity to reflect upon the presence of health inequities in all domains of healthcare delivery.","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135733897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Une procédure collégiale désigne le fait de recueillir, avant de prendre une décision médicale délicate, l’avis de l’ensemble de l’équipe de soins responsable du patient, incluant le personnel infirmier et aide-soignant, entre autres. La loi Claeys-Leonetti relative à la fin de vie (2016) l’inscrit dans le droit français comme étant obligatoire lors de la mise en place d’une sédation profonde et continue maintenue jusqu’au décès (SPCMD). L’objectif de l’étude est de faire un état des lieux de la connaissance de cet aspect de loi par le personnel soignant d’un institut de cancérologie et d’identifier comment la collégialité se met en place pour une décision de SPCMD selon les services. Nous avons proposé un questionnaire en ligne et anonyme à l’ensemble des acteurs du soin (connaissance de la loi Claeys-Leonetti) puis nous avons rencontré les soignants des différents services en groupes de discussion (cadres, personnel infirmier et aides-soignants) ou en entretiens individuels (médecins). Les résultats montrent que la loi est mieux connue, toutes professions confondues, des jeunes soignants (moins de 5 ans d’expérience) et surtout mieux revendiquée par les infirmières et aides-soignantes que par les médecins. Nous rapportons la diversité de la mise en oeuvre de la collégialité pour une décision de sédation, en termes de formalisation, de standardisation et d’inter professionnalisation. Nous concluons que la mise en place de la collégialité de façon anticipée pour une décision élargit les modes de communication pluri/inter professionnelle et permet d’apaiser la souffrance des patients, des médecins et des soignants.
{"title":"La collégialité dans la mise en place d’une sédation profonde et continue dans un centre de cancérologie en France","authors":"Bettina Couderc, Alfonsina Faya Robles, Nathalie Caunes-Hilary, Laurie Galiby, Emmanuelle Rial Sebbag","doi":"10.7202/1101131ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1101131ar","url":null,"abstract":"Une procédure collégiale désigne le fait de recueillir, avant de prendre une décision médicale délicate, l’avis de l’ensemble de l’équipe de soins responsable du patient, incluant le personnel infirmier et aide-soignant, entre autres. La loi Claeys-Leonetti relative à la fin de vie (2016) l’inscrit dans le droit français comme étant obligatoire lors de la mise en place d’une sédation profonde et continue maintenue jusqu’au décès (SPCMD). L’objectif de l’étude est de faire un état des lieux de la connaissance de cet aspect de loi par le personnel soignant d’un institut de cancérologie et d’identifier comment la collégialité se met en place pour une décision de SPCMD selon les services. Nous avons proposé un questionnaire en ligne et anonyme à l’ensemble des acteurs du soin (connaissance de la loi Claeys-Leonetti) puis nous avons rencontré les soignants des différents services en groupes de discussion (cadres, personnel infirmier et aides-soignants) ou en entretiens individuels (médecins). Les résultats montrent que la loi est mieux connue, toutes professions confondues, des jeunes soignants (moins de 5 ans d’expérience) et surtout mieux revendiquée par les infirmières et aides-soignantes que par les médecins. Nous rapportons la diversité de la mise en oeuvre de la collégialité pour une décision de sédation, en termes de formalisation, de standardisation et d’inter professionnalisation. Nous concluons que la mise en place de la collégialité de façon anticipée pour une décision élargit les modes de communication pluri/inter professionnelle et permet d’apaiser la souffrance des patients, des médecins et des soignants.","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135733899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global effect. The disproportionate impact on Indigenous peoples and racialized groups has brought ethical challenges to the forefront in research and clinical practice. In Canada, the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2), and specifically the principle of justice, emphasizes additional care for individuals "whose circumstances make them vulnerable", including Indigenous and racialized communities. In the absence of race-based data to measure and inform health research and clinical practice, we run the risk of causing more harm and contributing to ongoing injustices. However, without an accepted framework for collecting, maintaining, and reporting race-based data in Canada, more guidance is needed on how to do this well. Importantly, a framework for collecting race-based data should build on existing guidance from Indigenous and other structurally marginalized communities, the TCPS2, recommendations from the World Health Organization, and involve relevant stakeholders. In this paper, we describe historical examples of unethical studies on Indigenous and racialized groups, discuss the challenges and potential benefits of collecting race-based data, and conclude with objectives for a pan-Canadian framework to inform how race-based data is collected, stored, and accessed in health research.
{"title":"Collecting Race-Based Data in Health Research: A Critical Analysis of the Ongoing Challenges and Next Steps for Canada","authors":"F. Sheikh, A. Fox-Robichaud, Lisa Schwartz","doi":"10.7202/1098560ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098560ar","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global effect. The disproportionate impact on Indigenous peoples and racialized groups has brought ethical challenges to the forefront in research and clinical practice. In Canada, the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2), and specifically the principle of justice, emphasizes additional care for individuals \"whose circumstances make them vulnerable\", including Indigenous and racialized communities. In the absence of race-based data to measure and inform health research and clinical practice, we run the risk of causing more harm and contributing to ongoing injustices. However, without an accepted framework for collecting, maintaining, and reporting race-based data in Canada, more guidance is needed on how to do this well. Importantly, a framework for collecting race-based data should build on existing guidance from Indigenous and other structurally marginalized communities, the TCPS2, recommendations from the World Health Organization, and involve relevant stakeholders. In this paper, we describe historical examples of unethical studies on Indigenous and racialized groups, discuss the challenges and potential benefits of collecting race-based data, and conclude with objectives for a pan-Canadian framework to inform how race-based data is collected, stored, and accessed in health research.","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Invisibility of the Asian American Identity in North American Bioethics","authors":"Katherine Huerne","doi":"10.7202/1098568ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098568ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Blessings of Books","authors":"M. Gordon","doi":"10.7202/1098566ar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/1098566ar","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37334,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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