Rasionalitas Sosial-Ekonomi dalam Penyelesaian Pengangguran Terselubung Petani Sawah Tadah Hujan

Abstract

Pengangguran terselubung yang dialami petani di Indonesia seringkali berkaitan dengan zero marginal productivity of labor. Penyelesaian pengangguran terselubung, yang dilakukan petani melalui rasionalitas sosial-ekonomi, dapat menyelesaikan persoalan pengangguran terselubung sampai ke akar masalah karena dasar analisis berangkat dari perilaku individual untuk bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Gunung Kembang, Kecamatan Merapi Timur, Kabupaten Lahat. Teknik penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode acak sederhana. Analisis rasionalitas sosial-ekonomi penyelesaian pengangguran terselubung dilakukan dengan analisis tabulasi, matematis, dan simulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan telah terjadi pengangguran terselubung di tingkat rumah tangga petani. Petani melalui rasionalitas sosial mengatasi pengangguran terselubung dengan: (1) diversifikasi struktur pekerjaan (okupasi baru) dan (2) pengurangan tenaga kerja luar keluarga dalam kegiatan usaha tani dengan memaksimalkan potensi tenaga kerja rumah tangga. Rasionalitas sosial ini berdampak secara ekonomi pada pengurangan pengangguran terselubung sebesar 69 persen dan peningkatan pendapatan 267 persen di tingkat mikro. Dengan demikian, rasionalitas sosial-ekonomi rumah tangga petani terbukti dapat menyelesaikan persoalan pengangguran terselubung di tingkat mikro. Disguised unemployment experienced by farmers in Indonesia are often caused by Zero Marginal Productivity of Labor. However, the completion of disguised unemployment has been only focused on the improvement of the economic structural transformation from agriculture to industry as an aspect of macro analysis, without considering aspects of micro analysis. Though micro analysis through socioeconomic rationality farm households can solve problems underemployment get to the root of the problem, because the basic analysis departs from the social and economic rational behavior. The research was conducted in the village of East Mount Merapi Flower District of Lahat. The research technique is a survey method. Sampling using the simple random method. Socioeconomic rationality analysis of disguised unemployment completion done with tabulation analysis, mathematics, and simulation. The analysis shows there has been a degree of disguised unemployment in farm households. Farmers through social rationally overcome disguised unemployment: (1) Differentiation of the structure of the work to other farming sectors and non- agricultural new occupation), and (2) Reduction of non-family labor in farming activities to maximize the potential of household labor. This social rationals have economic impact on the reduction of disguised unemployment at 69 percent and 267 percent increase in revenue at the micro level. Thus, socioeconomic rationality farm households can solve problems disguised unemployment at the micro level.