Effects of aging on externally cued and internally driven uncertainty representations.

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI:10.1037/neu0000936
Laura E Korthauer, Elena K Festa, Zachary T Gemelli, Mingjian He, William C Heindel
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Abstract

Objective: The Hick-Hyman law states that response time (RT) increases linearly with increasing information uncertainty. The effects of aging on uncertainty representations in choice RT paradigms remain unclear, including whether aging differentially affects processes mediating externally cued versus internally driven uncertainty. This study sought to characterize age-related differences in uncertainty representations using a card-sorting task.

Method: The task separately manipulated internally driven uncertainty (i.e., probability of each stimulus type with fixed number of response piles) and externally cued uncertainty (i.e., number of response piles with fixed probability of each stimulus type).

Results: Older adults (OA) showed greater RT slowing than younger adults in response to uncertainty load, an effect that was stronger in the externally cued than internally driven condition. While both age groups showed lower accuracy and greater RTs in response to unexpected (surprising) stimuli in the internally driven condition at low uncertainty loads, OA were unable to distinguish between expected and nonexpected stimuli at higher uncertainty loads when the probability of each stimulus type was close to equal. Among OA, better performance on the internally driven, but not externally cued, condition was associated with better global cognitive performance and verbal fluency.

Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide behavioral evidence of age-related disruptions to bottom-up (externally cued) and top-down (supporting internally driven mental representations) resources to process uncertainty and coordinate task-relevant action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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老化对外部提示和内部驱动的不确定性表示的影响。
目的:希克-海曼定律指出,响应时间(RT)随着信息不确定性的增加而线性增加。在选择RT范式中,衰老对不确定性表征的影响尚不清楚,包括衰老是否对中介外部提示和内部驱动的不确定性的过程产生不同的影响。这项研究试图通过卡片分类任务来表征不确定性表征中与年龄相关的差异。方法:该任务分别处理内部驱动的不确定性(即每种刺激类型具有固定数量的响应桩的概率)和外部提示的不确定性,即每种激励类型具有固定概率的响应桩数量)。结果:老年人(OA)对不确定性负荷的反应比年轻人表现出更大的RT减慢,这种影响在外部提示的情况下比在内部驱动的情况下更强。虽然两个年龄组在低不确定性负荷的内部驱动条件下对意外(令人惊讶)刺激的反应准确性较低,RT较大,但当每种刺激类型的概率接近相等时,OA无法在高不确定性负荷下区分预期刺激和非预期刺激。在OA中,在内部驱动但非外部提示的条件下表现更好与更好的全局认知表现和语言流利性相关。结论:总的来说,这些发现为自下而上(外部提示)和自上而下(支持内部驱动的心理表征)资源处理不确定性和协调任务相关行动提供了与年龄相关的干扰的行为证据。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.20%
发文量
132
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Neuropsychology publishes original, empirical research; systematic reviews and meta-analyses; and theoretical articles on the relation between brain and human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function.
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