Current Status of Cancer Genomics and Imaging Phenotypes: What Radiologists Need to Know.
Eva Mendes Serrão, Maximiliano Klug, Brian M Moloney, Aaditeya Jhaveri, Roberto Lo Gullo, Katja Pinker, Gary Luker, Masoom A Haider, Atul B Shinagare, Xiaoyang Liu
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Abstract
Ongoing discoveries in cancer genomics and epigenomics have revolutionized clinical oncology and precision health care. This knowledge provides unprecedented insights into tumor biology and heterogeneity within a single tumor, among primary and metastatic lesions, and among patients with the same histologic type of cancer. Large-scale genomic sequencing studies also sparked the development of new tumor classifications, biomarkers, and targeted therapies. Because of the central role of imaging in cancer diagnosis and therapy, radiologists need to be familiar with the basic concepts of genomics, which are now becoming the new norm in oncologic clinical practice. By incorporating these concepts into clinical practice, radiologists can make their imaging interpretations more meaningful and specific, facilitate multidisciplinary clinical dialogue and interventions, and provide better patient-centric care. This review article highlights basic concepts of genomics and epigenomics, reviews the most common genetic alterations in cancer, and discusses the implications of these concepts on imaging by organ system in a case-based manner. This information will help stimulate new innovations in imaging research, accelerate the development and validation of new imaging biomarkers, and motivate efforts to bring new molecular and functional imaging methods to clinical radiology. Keywords: Oncology, Cancer Genomics, Epignomics, Radiogenomics, Imaging Markers Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
癌症基因组学和成像表型的现状:放射学家需要知道的。
癌症基因组学和表观基因组学的不断发现彻底改变了临床肿瘤学和精准医疗。这一知识为单个肿瘤、原发性和转移性病灶以及同一组织学类型癌症患者的肿瘤生物学和异质性提供了前所未有的见解。大规模的基因组测序研究也引发了新的肿瘤分类、生物标志物和靶向疗法的发展。由于影像学在癌症诊断和治疗中的核心作用,放射科医生需要熟悉基因组学的基本概念,这正成为肿瘤临床实践的新规范。通过将这些概念融入临床实践,放射科医生可以使他们的成像解释更有意义和具体性,促进多学科临床对话和干预,并提供更好的以患者为中心的护理。这篇综述文章强调了基因组学和表观基因组学的基本概念,回顾了癌症最常见的基因改变,并以基于病例的方式讨论了这些概念对器官系统成像的影响。这些信息将有助于刺激成像研究的新创新,加速新的成像生物标志物的开发和验证,并推动将新的分子和功能成像方法引入临床放射学。关键词:肿瘤学,癌症基因组学,表观遗传学,放射基因组学,成像标记物补充材料可用于本文。©RSNA,2023年。
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