Recent developments and the future of the recycling of spent graphite for energy storage applications

IF 5.7 3区材料科学 Q2 Materials Science New Carbon Materials Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/S1872-5805(23)60777-2

Ji-Rui Wang , Da-Hai Yang , Yi-Jian Xu , Xiang-Long Hou , Edison Huixiang Ang , De-Zhao Wang , Le Zhang , Zhen-Dong Zhu , Xu-Yong Feng , Xiao-Hui Song , Hong-Fa Xiang

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Abstract

This review provides an extensive analysis of the recycling and regeneration of battery-grade graphite obtained from used lithium-ion batteries. The main objectives are to address supply-demand challenges and minimize environmental pollution. The study focuses on the methods involved in obtaining, separating, purifying, and regenerating spent graphite to ensure its suitability for high-quality energy storage. To improve the graphite recovery efficiency and solve the problem of residual contaminants, techniques like heat treatment, solvent dissolution, and ultrasound treatment are explored. Wet and pyrometallurgical purification and regeneration methods are evaluated, considering their environmental impact and energy consumption. Sustainable and cost-effective approaches, including acid-free purification and low-temperature graphitization, are highlighted. Specific requirements for regenerated graphite in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are discussed, emphasizing customized recycling processes involving acid leaching, high-temperature treatment, and surface coating. Valuable information for the development of efficient and sustainable energy storage systems is provided, addressing environmental issues, and how to meet the increasing demand for graphite anodes.

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最近的发展和未来的再生利用废石墨储能应用

这篇综述对从废旧锂离子电池中获得的电池级石墨的回收和再生进行了广泛的分析。主要目标是应对供需挑战，最大限度地减少环境污染。该研究的重点是获得、分离、纯化和再生废石墨的方法，以确保其适用于高质量的储能。为了提高石墨回收效率和解决残留污染物的问题，探索了热处理、溶剂溶解和超声波处理等技术。考虑到湿法和火法冶金的环境影响和能源消耗，对其净化和再生方法进行了评估。强调了可持续和具有成本效益的方法，包括无酸纯化和低温石墨化。讨论了锂离子电池和超级电容器中再生石墨的具体要求，强调了包括酸浸、高温处理和表面涂层在内的定制回收工艺。为开发高效和可持续的储能系统、解决环境问题以及如何满足石墨阳极日益增长的需求提供了有价值的信息。

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来源期刊

New Carbon Materials MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

8.80%

发文量

3245

审稿时长

5.5 months

期刊介绍： New Carbon Materials is a scholarly journal that publishes original research papers focusing on the physics, chemistry, and technology of organic substances that serve as precursors for creating carbonaceous solids with aromatic or tetrahedral bonding. The scope of materials covered by the journal extends from diamond and graphite to a variety of forms including chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbons, carbon fibers, carbynes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes. The journal's objective is to showcase the latest research findings and advancements in the areas of formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbon materials. Additionally, the journal includes papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials, such as carbon-carbon composites, derived from the aforementioned carbons. Research papers on organic substances will be considered for publication only if they have a direct relevance to the resulting carbon materials.