The effect of 6–week recreational futsal training on body composition of non–athletic obese girls

Abstract

Many large observational studies have shown that physical activity and good fitness decrease the risk of coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and mortality. Thus, it seems clear that an increase in leisure-time physical activity level and enhancement in cardiorespiratory fitness are ways to reduce the risk of death.1,2 Inactivity is nowadays one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease.3 It was found that a six-month-long inactivity in the Studies resulted in metabolic abnormalities such as an increase in fat mass and visceral fat, and an increase in fasting insulin level, fasting glucose level and small low-density lipoprotein particle number.4 The diverse range of activities carried out by humans for example sitting, standing, walking and talking and by undertaking voluntary physical activity contribute to the overall energy balance. However, physical activity is the only component of energy expenditure that can be modified behaviorally in a significant manner.5 Exercise interventions targeting a broad health response are highly relevant for women of all ages. Given that much of the world’s population is inactive, the association with non-communicable diseases presents a major public health issue. Thus, it is a worldwide challenge to provide initiatives that will get inactive people to become active and increase life healthy in sedentary peoples. Therefore one of the basic items for program training plan is choosing fun activities to create sport situations and competitions that both obviates people’s requirements and leads to the optimum utility and health.6 During the last decades, there has been an increasing interest in the physiological demands of football (soccer) match play and training. Numerous studies have investigated different aspects of the game.7 Researchers have studied the effects of recreational football training as a health-promoting activity for participants across the lifespan. This has important public health implications as over400 million people play football annually.8 Results from the first randomized controlled trial, showed that football increased maximal oxygen uptake and muscle and bone mass, and lowered fat percentage and blood pressure, in untrained men.9 In recent years, the physical loading during small-sided games has also been examined it was found that football training organized as small-sided drills aerobic fitness and intermittent endurance performance were elevated.10 The effect of a period of recreational football has also been examined in middleaged untrained male and female subjects and compared with a similar period of running. they were found that recreational football training stimulated both the aerobic and anaerobic energy turnover during the training of untrained players was shown to be effective leading to significant cardiovascular and muscular adaptations as well as performance enhancements throughout a 12-week training period.8,10,11 In fact, recreation is the longest social system associated with sports, and this refers to the importance of recreational activities and group activities in comprehensive training programs. In this study, we did not focus on a training program that targeted mainly on continuous aerobic-based exercises, such as jogging or cycling over 30 minutes, as we felt that these may not be the exercises of choice for obese girls to continue over long periods of time. While it is desirable, and perhaps essential, to use some forms of structured exercise training as a medium to increase physical activity levels towards the management of obesity. While limited studies of football training effects have also been performed in women and men, this article reviews the current evidence linking recreational futsal training on sedentary obese girls.