The microphysics of collisionless shock waves

IF 19 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2016-03-22 DOI:10.1088/0034-4885/79/4/046901
A. Marcowith, A. Bret, A. Bykov, M. Dieckman, L. Drury, B. Lembége, M. Lemoine, G. Morlino, G. Murphy, G. Pelletier, I. Plotnikov, B. Reville, M. Riquelme, L. Sironi, A. S. Novo
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引用次数: 175

Abstract

Collisionless shocks, that is shocks mediated by electromagnetic processes, are customary in space physics and in astrophysics. They are to be found in a great variety of objects and environments: magnetospheric and heliospheric shocks, supernova remnants, pulsar winds and their nebulæ, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts and clusters of galaxies shock waves. Collisionless shock microphysics enters at different stages of shock formation, shock dynamics and particle energization and/or acceleration. It turns out that the shock phenomenon is a multi-scale non-linear problem in time and space. It is complexified by the impact due to high-energy cosmic rays in astrophysical environments. This review adresses the physics of shock formation, shock dynamics and particle acceleration based on a close examination of available multi-wavelength or in situ observations, analytical and numerical developments. A particular emphasis is made on the different instabilities triggered during the shock formation and in association with particle acceleration processes with regards to the properties of the background upstream medium. It appears that among the most important parameters the background magnetic field through the magnetization and its obliquity is the dominant one. The shock velocity that can reach relativistic speeds has also a strong impact over the development of the micro-instabilities and the fate of particle acceleration. Recent developments of laboratory shock experiments has started to bring some new insights in the physics of space plasma and astrophysical shock waves. A special section is dedicated to new laser plasma experiments probing shock physics.
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无碰撞冲击波的微观物理学
无碰撞冲击,即由电磁过程介导的冲击,在空间物理学和天体物理学中很常见。它们存在于各种各样的物体和环境中:磁层和日球层激波、超新星遗迹、脉冲星风及其星云、活动星系核、伽马射线暴和星系团激波。无碰撞冲击微物理进入不同阶段的冲击形成,冲击动力学和粒子能量和/或加速。结果表明,激波现象是一个多尺度的时间和空间非线性问题。由于高能宇宙射线在天体物理环境中的影响,它变得复杂。这篇综述论述了激波形成的物理学、激波动力学和粒子加速,这是基于对现有的多波长或原位观测、分析和数值发展的仔细研究。特别强调了在激波形成过程中触发的不同不稳定性,以及与背景上游介质特性相关的粒子加速过程。在最重要的参数中,背景磁场的磁化强度及其倾角是最主要的参数。能达到相对论速度的激波速度对微观不稳定性的发展和粒子加速度的命运也有很大的影响。实验室激波实验的最新进展已经开始为空间等离子体和天体物理激波的物理学带来一些新的见解。一个特殊的部分是专门用于新的激光等离子体实验探测冲击物理。
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Reports on Progress in Physics
Reports on Progress in Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
31.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Reports on Progress in Physics is a highly selective journal with a mission to publish ground-breaking new research and authoritative invited reviews of the highest quality and significance across all areas of physics and related areas. Articles must be essential reading for specialists, and likely to be of broader multidisciplinary interest with the expectation for long-term scientific impact and influence on the current state and/or future direction of a field.
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