Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad8803
José Antonio Marín Guzmán,Paul Erker,Simone Gasparinetti,Marcus Huber,Nicole Yunger Halpern
Controlled quantum machines have matured significantly. A natural next step is to increasingly grant them autonomy, freeing them from time-dependent external control. For example, autonomy could pare down the classical control wires that heat and decohere quantum computers; and an autonomous quantum refrigerator recently reset superconducting qubits to near their ground states, as is necessary before a computation. Which fundamental conditions are necessary for realizing useful autonomous quantum machines? Inspired by recent quantum thermodynamics and chemistry, we posit conditions analogous to DiVincenzo's criteria for quantum computing. Furthermore, we illustrate the criteria with multiple autonomous quantum machines (refrigerators, computers, clocks, etc.) and multiple candidate platforms (neutral atoms, molecules, superconducting qubits, etc.). Our criteria are intended to foment and guide the development of useful autonomous quantum machines.
{"title":"Key Issues Review: Useful autonomous quantum machines.","authors":"José Antonio Marín Guzmán,Paul Erker,Simone Gasparinetti,Marcus Huber,Nicole Yunger Halpern","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad8803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad8803","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled quantum machines have matured significantly. A natural next step is to increasingly grant them autonomy, freeing them from time-dependent external control. For example, autonomy could pare down the classical control wires that heat and decohere quantum computers; and an autonomous quantum refrigerator recently reset superconducting qubits to near their ground states, as is necessary before a computation. Which fundamental conditions are necessary for realizing useful autonomous quantum machines? Inspired by recent quantum thermodynamics and chemistry, we posit conditions analogous to DiVincenzo's criteria for quantum computing. Furthermore, we illustrate the criteria with multiple autonomous quantum machines (refrigerators, computers, clocks, etc.) and multiple candidate platforms (neutral atoms, molecules, superconducting qubits, etc.). Our criteria are intended to foment and guide the development of useful autonomous quantum machines.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad7f6a
Richard Rotunno,Howard Bruce Bluestein
This article critically reviews research on tornado theory and observations over the last decade. From the theoretical standpoint, the major advances have come through improved numerical-simulation models of supercell convective storms, the tornado's parent circulation. These simulations are carried out on a large domain (to capture the supercell's circulation system), but with high grid resolution and improved representations of sub-grid physics (to capture the tornado). These simulations offer new insights into how and why tornadoes form in some supercells, but not others. Observational advances have come through technological improvements of mobile Doppler radars capable of rapid scanning and dual-polarization measurements, which offer a much more accurate view of tornado formation, tornado structure, and the tornado's place within its parent supercell.
{"title":"Recent developments in tornado theory and observations.","authors":"Richard Rotunno,Howard Bruce Bluestein","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad7f6a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad7f6a","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically reviews research on tornado theory and observations over the last decade. From the theoretical standpoint, the major advances have come through improved numerical-simulation models of supercell convective storms, the tornado's parent circulation. These simulations are carried out on a large domain (to capture the supercell's circulation system), but with high grid resolution and improved representations of sub-grid physics (to capture the tornado). These simulations offer new insights into how and why tornadoes form in some supercells, but not others. Observational advances have come through technological improvements of mobile Doppler radars capable of rapid scanning and dual-polarization measurements, which offer a much more accurate view of tornado formation, tornado structure, and the tornado's place within its parent supercell.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad7f69
Yunfei Wang,Junyu Liu
Quantum machine learning, which involves running machine learning algorithms on quantum devices, has garnered significant attention in both academic and business circles. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and unbiased review of the various concepts that have emerged in the field of quantum machine learning. This includes techniques used in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technologies and approaches for algorithms compatible with fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware. Our review covers fundamental concepts, algorithms, and the statistical learning theory pertinent to quantum machine learning.
{"title":"A comprehensive review of quantum machine learning: from NISQ to fault tolerance.","authors":"Yunfei Wang,Junyu Liu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad7f69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad7f69","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum machine learning, which involves running machine learning algorithms on quantum devices, has garnered significant attention in both academic and business circles. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and unbiased review of the various concepts that have emerged in the field of quantum machine learning. This includes techniques used in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technologies and approaches for algorithms compatible with fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware. Our review covers fundamental concepts, algorithms, and the statistical learning theory pertinent to quantum machine learning.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad7bc8
Thomas Produit,Jerome Kasparian,Farhad Rachidi-Haeri,Marcos Rubinstein,Aurelien Houard,Jean-Pierre Wolf
The recent development of high average, high peak power lasers has revived the effort of using lasers as a potential tool to influence natural lightning. Although impressive, the current progress in laser lightning control technology may only be the beginning of a new area involving a positive feedback between powerful laser development and atmospheric research. In this review paper, we critically evaluate the past, present and future of Laser Lightning Control (LLC), considering both its technological and scientific significance in atmospheric research.
{"title":"Physics and technology of Laser Lightning Control.","authors":"Thomas Produit,Jerome Kasparian,Farhad Rachidi-Haeri,Marcos Rubinstein,Aurelien Houard,Jean-Pierre Wolf","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad7bc8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad7bc8","url":null,"abstract":"The recent development of high average, high peak power lasers has revived the effort of using lasers as a potential tool to influence natural lightning. Although impressive, the current progress in laser lightning control technology may only be the beginning of a new area involving a positive feedback between powerful laser development and atmospheric research. In this review paper, we critically evaluate the past, present and future of Laser Lightning Control (LLC), considering both its technological and scientific significance in atmospheric research.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad797d
Yuan Zhou,Jing-Wei Wang,Lian-Zhen Cao,Guang-Hui Wang,Zeyun Shi,Dong Yan Lü,Hai-Bo Huang,Chang-Sheng Hu
The emph{chirality-controlled two-mode Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) models} are mimicked in a potential hybrid quantum system,
with respect to two ensembles of solid-state spins coupled to a pair of interconnected surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) cavities, respectively. Assisted by the dichromatic classical optical drives with chiral designs, this proposal can simulate the two-mode LMG type long-range spin-spin interactions with a left-right asymmetry. For applications, this unconventional LMG model can not only engineer both ensembles of collective spins into the two-mode spin-squeezed (TMSS) states, but also simulate the fresh quantum critical phenomenon and time-crystal behaviours, and so on. Because this acoustic-based system can give rise to ion-trap-like interactions without any additional trap technique in principle, it is believed that our work can be considered a fresh attempt at realizing the chiral quantum manipulation of spin-spin interactions by using acoustic hybrid systems.
{"title":"Realization of chiral two-mode Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick models via acoustics.","authors":"Yuan Zhou,Jing-Wei Wang,Lian-Zhen Cao,Guang-Hui Wang,Zeyun Shi,Dong Yan Lü,Hai-Bo Huang,Chang-Sheng Hu","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad797d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad797d","url":null,"abstract":"The emph{chirality-controlled two-mode Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) models} are mimicked in a potential hybrid quantum system,
with respect to two ensembles of solid-state spins coupled to a pair of interconnected surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) cavities, respectively. Assisted by the dichromatic classical optical drives with chiral designs, this proposal can simulate the two-mode LMG type long-range spin-spin interactions with a left-right asymmetry. For applications, this unconventional LMG model can not only engineer both ensembles of collective spins into the two-mode spin-squeezed (TMSS) states, but also simulate the fresh quantum critical phenomenon and time-crystal behaviours, and so on. Because this acoustic-based system can give rise to ion-trap-like interactions without any additional trap technique in principle, it is believed that our work can be considered a fresh attempt at realizing the chiral quantum manipulation of spin-spin interactions by using acoustic hybrid systems.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad7288
Marzena Rams-Baron, Alfred Błażytko, Karolina Jurkiewicz, Piotr Lodowski, Maria Książek, Joachim Kusz, Witold Mozga, Marta Fordymacka, Mahshid Teymouri, Julia Krzywik and Marian Paluch
The future development of advanced molecular systems with controlled rotation requires the development of an effective methodology for assessing the rotational performance of artificial machine components. We identified two patterns of the dielectric behavior for polar rotators in a static non-polar framework of sizable crystal showing relations between the spectral and molecular-level features of solid-state rotary motion. Various functionalization of phenylene rotors with a fluorine atom(s) changed rotational performance from high to low with rotational barriers ranging from 6.06 to 11.84 kcal mol−1. The meta-F-substitution favored rotator-rotator contacts allowing for the implementation of fast rotary motion. Contrary, the presence of rotator-stator contacts inhibited independent rotator dynamics leading to opposite spectral behavior in terms of temperature evolution of loss peak amplitude. Our observations, supported by an analysis based on an asymmetric double well-potential model, show that easily noticeable spectral differences encoded some molecular-level information important for the implementation of rotary motion.
{"title":"Image of the solid-state rotary motion encoded in the dielectric response","authors":"Marzena Rams-Baron, Alfred Błażytko, Karolina Jurkiewicz, Piotr Lodowski, Maria Książek, Joachim Kusz, Witold Mozga, Marta Fordymacka, Mahshid Teymouri, Julia Krzywik and Marian Paluch","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad7288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad7288","url":null,"abstract":"The future development of advanced molecular systems with controlled rotation requires the development of an effective methodology for assessing the rotational performance of artificial machine components. We identified two patterns of the dielectric behavior for polar rotators in a static non-polar framework of sizable crystal showing relations between the spectral and molecular-level features of solid-state rotary motion. Various functionalization of phenylene rotors with a fluorine atom(s) changed rotational performance from high to low with rotational barriers ranging from 6.06 to 11.84 kcal mol−1. The meta-F-substitution favored rotator-rotator contacts allowing for the implementation of fast rotary motion. Contrary, the presence of rotator-stator contacts inhibited independent rotator dynamics leading to opposite spectral behavior in terms of temperature evolution of loss peak amplitude. Our observations, supported by an analysis based on an asymmetric double well-potential model, show that easily noticeable spectral differences encoded some molecular-level information important for the implementation of rotary motion.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad3e11
Guolong Zhu, Lijuan Gao, Yihang Sun, Wenjie Wei, Li-Tang Yan
Active matter systems, which convert internal chemical energy or energy from the environment into directed motion, are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit a range of emerging non-equilibrium behaviors. However, most of the current works on active matter have been devoted to particles, and the study of active polymers has only recently come into the spotlight due to their prevalence within living organisms. The intricate interplay between activity and conformational degrees of freedom gives rise to novel structural and dynamical behaviors of active polymers. Research in active polymers remarkably broadens diverse concepts of polymer physics, such as molecular architecture, dynamics, scaling and so on, which is of significant importance for the development of new polymer materials with unique performance. Furthermore, active polymers are often found in strongly interacting and crowded systems and in complex environments, so that the understanding of this behavior is essential for future developments of novel polymer-based biomaterials. This review thereby focuses on the study of active polymers in complex and crowded environments, and aims to provide insights into the fundamental physics underlying the adaptive and collective behaviors far from equilibrium, as well as the open challenges that the field is currently facing.
{"title":"Non-equilibrium structural and dynamic behaviors of active polymers in complex and crowded environments","authors":"Guolong Zhu, Lijuan Gao, Yihang Sun, Wenjie Wei, Li-Tang Yan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ad3e11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad3e11","url":null,"abstract":"Active matter systems, which convert internal chemical energy or energy from the environment into directed motion, are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit a range of emerging non-equilibrium behaviors. However, most of the current works on active matter have been devoted to particles, and the study of active polymers has only recently come into the spotlight due to their prevalence within living organisms. The intricate interplay between activity and conformational degrees of freedom gives rise to novel structural and dynamical behaviors of active polymers. Research in active polymers remarkably broadens diverse concepts of polymer physics, such as molecular architecture, dynamics, scaling and so on, which is of significant importance for the development of new polymer materials with unique performance. Furthermore, active polymers are often found in strongly interacting and crowded systems and in complex environments, so that the understanding of this behavior is essential for future developments of novel polymer-based biomaterials. This review thereby focuses on the study of active polymers in complex and crowded environments, and aims to provide insights into the fundamental physics underlying the adaptive and collective behaviors far from equilibrium, as well as the open challenges that the field is currently facing.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140640534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac78ef
Giulia Magi Meconi, I. R. Sasselli, V. Bianco, J. Onuchic, I. Coluzza
Proteins are the workhorse of life. They are the building infrastructure of living systems; they are the most efficient molecular machines known, and their enzymatic activity is still unmatched in versatility by any artificial system. Perhaps proteins’ most remarkable feature is their modularity. The large amount of information required to specify each protein’s function is analogically encoded with an alphabet of just ∼20 letters. The protein folding problem is how to encode all such information in a sequence of 20 letters. In this review, we go through the last 30 years of research to summarize the state of the art and highlight some applications related to fundamental problems of protein evolution.
{"title":"Key aspects of the past 30 years of protein design","authors":"Giulia Magi Meconi, I. R. Sasselli, V. Bianco, J. Onuchic, I. Coluzza","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ac78ef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac78ef","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins are the workhorse of life. They are the building infrastructure of living systems; they are the most efficient molecular machines known, and their enzymatic activity is still unmatched in versatility by any artificial system. Perhaps proteins’ most remarkable feature is their modularity. The large amount of information required to specify each protein’s function is analogically encoded with an alphabet of just ∼20 letters. The protein folding problem is how to encode all such information in a sequence of 20 letters. In this review, we go through the last 30 years of research to summarize the state of the art and highlight some applications related to fundamental problems of protein evolution.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87327014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-27DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401
Peihui Li, Li Zhou, Cong Zhao, Hongyu Ju, Qinghua Gao, Wei Si, Li Cheng, Jie Hao, Mengmeng Li, Yijian Chen, Chuancheng Jia, Xuefeng Guo
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
{"title":"Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics","authors":"Peihui Li, Li Zhou, Cong Zhao, Hongyu Ju, Qinghua Gao, Wei Si, Li Cheng, Jie Hao, Mengmeng Li, Yijian Chen, Chuancheng Jia, Xuefeng Guo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401","url":null,"abstract":"Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86239899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac723d
I. Aranson
Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. They also form human and animal microbiota and may become sources of pathogens and a cause of many infectious diseases. Suspensions of motile bacteria constitute one of the most studied examples of active matter: a broad class of non-equilibrium systems converting energy from the environment (e.g., chemical energy of the nutrient) into mechanical motion. Concentrated bacterial suspensions, often termed active fluids, exhibit complex collective behavior, such as large-scale turbulent-like motion (so-called bacterial turbulence) and swarming. The activity of bacteria also affects the effective viscosity and diffusivity of the suspension. This work reports on the progress in bacterial active matter from the physics viewpoint. It covers the key experimental results, provides a critical assessment of major theoretical approaches, and addresses the effects of visco-elasticity, liquid crystallinity, and external confinement on collective behavior in bacterial suspensions.
{"title":"Bacterial active matter","authors":"I. Aranson","doi":"10.1088/1361-6633/ac723d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac723d","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. They also form human and animal microbiota and may become sources of pathogens and a cause of many infectious diseases. Suspensions of motile bacteria constitute one of the most studied examples of active matter: a broad class of non-equilibrium systems converting energy from the environment (e.g., chemical energy of the nutrient) into mechanical motion. Concentrated bacterial suspensions, often termed active fluids, exhibit complex collective behavior, such as large-scale turbulent-like motion (so-called bacterial turbulence) and swarming. The activity of bacteria also affects the effective viscosity and diffusivity of the suspension. This work reports on the progress in bacterial active matter from the physics viewpoint. It covers the key experimental results, provides a critical assessment of major theoretical approaches, and addresses the effects of visco-elasticity, liquid crystallinity, and external confinement on collective behavior in bacterial suspensions.","PeriodicalId":21110,"journal":{"name":"Reports on Progress in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87174211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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