God of the Nations: Daniel, Satan, and the Temptation of Jesus in Luke

T. S. Ferda
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Abstract

In both Matthew and Luke, Satan offers Jesus “all the kingdoms of the world” in exchange for his obeisance. Only in Luke, however, does Satan make an intriguing claim about his “authority” over the kingdoms and his prerogative to “give” such “to whomever he wishes” (4:6). Richard Hays lamented in his recent Echoes of Scripture in the Gospels that this unique detail has not been given thorough attention in exegetical studies of Luke-Acts. This study takes up the question of Satan’s claim in detail and suggests that Satan’s words are informed by a phrase that appears multiple times in the book of Daniel: “the Most High is sovereign over the kingdom of mortals and gives it to whomever he wishes.” This intertextuality is important for the larger narrative of Luke-Acts in two respects. First, it presses the question of whether, from the perspective of the larger narrative, Satan’s claim is truthful. The article concludes that an answer to that question is not immediately clear; the narrative permits varied readings. Secondly, it is argued that the Danielic background of Luke 4:6 intensifies the Christological drama of the narrative. Jesus is here tested with what is legitimately his as Daniel’s “Son of Man,” and we soon find that he will receive such not from the hand of Satan but from obedience to God.
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万国之神:但以理、撒但和路加福音中耶稣的试探
在《马太福音》和《路加福音》中,撒旦用“世上所有的王国”来换取耶稣的顺从。然而,只有在路加福音中,撒旦才提出了一个有趣的主张,即他对王国的“权威”,以及他“愿意给谁就给谁”的特权(4:6)。理查德·海斯在他最近的《福音书中圣经的回响》中哀叹道,在对路加-使徒行传的训诂研究中,这个独特的细节没有得到充分的关注。这项研究详细讨论了撒旦的主张问题,并表明撒旦的话是由但以理书中多次出现的一句话所传达的:“至高者在人的国度中拥有主权,他想把它赐给谁就给谁。”这种互文性在两个方面对路加-使徒行传更大的叙述很重要。首先,它提出了一个问题,从更大的叙事角度来看,撒旦的说法是否真实。文章的结论是,这个问题的答案并不立即明确;叙述允许不同的解读。其次,有人认为路加福音4:6的但以理背景加强了叙事的基督戏剧。耶稣在这里受到考验,因为他是但以理的“人子”,我们很快就发现,他不是从撒旦的手中,而是从顺服神而得到的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
33.30%
发文量
18
期刊介绍: A highly reputed journal published since 1900, the ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE NEUTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT is an international journal for the exegesis of the New Testament and knowledge of the early church (patristics). Appearing annually in two issues of 150 pages each plus supplements, it features original contributions in German, English, and French which have been written by well-known scholars worldwide. By accepting only high quality research papers which advance scholarship, the editors seek to retain the recognizably high niveau of the journal.
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