EECH/CF: An Energy-Efficient Cluster Head Election and Cluster Formation Algorithms for WSNs

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist of sensor nodes with a limited battery life and limited communication distance. The minimization of the energy expended by the sensor nodes and network can be achieved either by reducing the number of communications or by controlling the topology. Thus, energy consumption can be optimized, due to several techniques, such as clustering. Clustering allows the network to be divided into a set of clusters, each of which managed by a cluster head. In a hierarchical cluster based WSN, the cluster head receives the data from its sensor members, aggregates them and sends the result to the base station, which leads to an extra overload. So, the selection of appropriate cluster head plays a very important role in conserving the energy of the sensor nodes and extend the lifetime of the network. This paper introduces an Energy-Efficient Cluster Head election and Cluster Formation algorithms for WSNs, called EECH/CF. To select cluster heads, our proposal election algorithm uses the initial and residual energy level of the sensor nodes, and efficiently creates the different clusters using an appropriate mechanism. Performance evaluation has shown a significant improvement in energy conservation and the network lifetime for EECH/CF in comparison to some existing clustering algorithms. Our proposal election algorithm uses the initial and residual energy level of the sensor nodes, and efficiently creates the different clusters using an appropriate mechanism. Performance evaluation has shown a significant improvement in energy conservation and the network lifetime for EECH/CF in comparison to some existing clustering algorithms. Results show that our clustering algorithms improve the lifetime of the network as we expected. Indeed, the delay before the dead of the first node can be up to seven times longer with EECH/CF.