Viscous Crude Oil Production Facilitated by Flow Improver Technology: A Holistic Chemical Approach with Successful Field Application

J. A. Mcrae, Bianca Daniela Covarrubias Rosas
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Abstract

This paper describes the approach taken to evaluate and successfully treat flow assurance challenges associated to high viscosity produced fluids in an oil producing field, offshore Gulf of Mexico. The first section of the paper outlines primary evaluation criteria: discussing base line modeling of crude oil characteristics at various points of the production system, laboratory analyses, detailed explanation of the chemistries considered for reducing the viscosity, and the strategy to remediate multiple flow assurance challenges with subsequent performance testing. The second section presents field trial data from the application of the selected flow improver and its longer-term performance. Initial evaluation of high viscosity was required due to deposition of asphaltene, high levels of emulsion, increased pressure and resultant decrease in production All of these production issues caused increased spending on fluids treatment in a field that is mature and becoming more marginal to produce. Initial analysis of the produced fluid did not result in an immediate, clear approach to address the concern, without considering the multiple factors that can contribute to flow assurance challenges. Organic deposition, such as waxes and asphaltenes, were found to increase fluid viscosity and worsen highly stabilized emulsions. Crude oil/water emulsions also cause increased viscosity and needed to be addressed as part of any holistic solution. Each issue was studied and experimented on its own and in combination to ensure there was no reductive effect in a final chemical application that needed to treat them all. Successful field application of the selected flow improver technology exceeded the performance at laboratory scale achieving over 30% reduction in total fluid viscosity over long-term field deployment with associated benefits to the offshore operator which will be elaborated further in this paper. As an outcome of this field trial, this paper also presents a proposed generic approach in devising chemical solutions for treatment of high viscosity fluids.
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流动改善技术促进稠油开采:一种成功应用于油田的整体化学方法
本文介绍了墨西哥湾近海某油田高粘度采出液流动保障问题的评估和成功处理方法。论文的第一部分概述了主要的评估标准:讨论了生产系统各点原油特性的基线建模、实验室分析、降低粘度的化学物质的详细解释,以及在随后的性能测试中解决多重流动保证挑战的策略。第二部分介绍了所选流量改进剂的现场试验数据及其长期性能。由于沥青质沉积、高水平的乳化液、压力升高以及由此导致的产量下降,需要对高粘度进行初步评估。所有这些生产问题都导致了成熟油田的流体处理支出增加,且产量越来越小。对产出液的初步分析并没有立即得出解决问题的明确方法,也没有考虑到可能导致流动保障挑战的多种因素。有机沉积,如蜡和沥青质,会增加流体粘度,使高度稳定的乳剂变差。原油/水乳液也会导致粘度增加,需要作为整体解决方案的一部分加以解决。每个问题都被单独研究和实验,以确保在需要处理所有问题的最终化学应用中没有还原作用。选定的流动改进剂技术的成功现场应用超过了实验室规模的性能,在长期的现场部署中,总流体粘度降低了30%以上,并为海上运营商带来了相关的好处,这将在本文中进一步阐述。作为现场试验的结果,本文还提出了设计处理高粘度流体的化学溶液的通用方法。
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