Factors associated with stunting among children below five years of age: A mixed method study

Mona Yulianti, Puji Nurfauziatul Hasanah, S. Sutisna, Karwati Karwati, Cucu Suminar
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Desa Sukamukti menjadi lokus prioritas stunting 2019 di Kabupaten Sumedang dengan angka kejadian 33%.</em><em> </em><em>Eksplorasi faktor risiko stunting perlu dilakukan untuk merancang intervensi berkelanjutan .</em></p><p><strong><em>Tujuan</em></strong><em>:Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting</em><em> pada balita </em><em>di Desa Sukamukti Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2020. </em></p><p><strong><em>Metode</em></strong><em>: Penelitian ini </em><em>merupakan penelitian</em><em> mixed method dengan rancangan concurrent mixed method</em><em>. Penelitian kuantitatif</em><em> melibatkan 37 responden dan</em><em> penelitian kualitatif melibatkan</em><em> 2 partisipan yang merupakan ibu balita di Desa Sukamukti Kecamatan Tanjungmedar yang diambil dengan teknik Total Sampling pada bulan Juni 2020. Interpretasi </em><em>status gizi diukur dengan kurva pertumbuhan WHO tinggi badan per usia pada balita. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dikembangkan dari Faktor Risiko Stunting WHO tahun 2014.</em><em> Data </em><em>kuantitatif </em><em>dianalisis menggunakan uji univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Serta dielaborasikan dengan hasil penelitian kualitatif</em><em> yang dianalisis dengan metode Coalizzi.</em></p><p><strong><em>Hasil</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Angka kejadian stunting di Desa Sukamukti Kabupaten Sumedang sebesar </em><em>37,8%. Faktor tinggi badan ibu merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan risiko stunting di Desa Sukamukti (OR= 8,55; CI95%=1,8 - 39,7; p=0,006).</em><em> </em><em>Tinggi badan ibu yang pendek (<150 cm) mempengaruhi kejadian risiko stunting sebesar 8,55 kali.  Hasil kualitatif menghasilkan 7 tema diantaranya adalah: 1) Persepsi ibu tentang penyakit (stunting), 2) perkembangan kesehatan anak, 3). Riwayat kesehatan ibu, 4) perilaku adaptif dan maladaptif ibu selama merawat anak 5) bentuk dan sumber dukungan yang diperoleh ibu selama merawat anak, 6) Bentuk dan sumber hambatan yang ditemui ibu selama merawat anak, serta 7) respon psikologis yang ditunjukan ibu.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kesimpulan:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Tinggi badan ibu menjadi determinan faktor risiko stunting dalam penelitian ini</em><em>.</em><em> Intervensi gizi sensitif penting untuk dilakukan dengan upaya perbaikan gizi secara komprehensif dari hulu ke hilir. Pemberdayaan remaja putri dalam meningkatkan pola hidup sehat dan gizi seimbang dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mencegah stunting. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong>:<em> </em><em>anak; </em><em>ibu</em><em>; </em><em>pengalaman</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>risiko; </em><em>stunting</em></p><p align=\"center\"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Indonesia is currently facing a duble burden of nutritional problems in children. Stunting is one of them</em><em>. Sukamukti Village became the priority locus of stunting</em><em>,</em><em> with </em><em>the prevalence</em><em> of 33%</em><em> in 2019</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Exploration on stunting risk factors </em><em>is necessary to identify sustainable interventions.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Objective</em></strong><em>: This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with the risk of stunting in Sukamukti Village, Sumedang Regenc</em><em>y, West Java, Indonesia.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> </em><em>This study is </em><em>mixed</em><em>-</em><em>method</em><em> research with concurrent mixed-method design. The quantitative study </em><em>involv</em><em>ed</em><em> 37 respondents and</em><em> the qualitative study involved</em><em> 2 participants who are mothers of children under five</em><em> years of age</em><em> in Sukamukti Village, taken using the Total Sampling technique in June 2020</em><em>. Interpretation of nutritional status was measured by th WHO growth curve for height per age in toddlers. </em><em>Data</em><em> collected using questionnaire developed from WHO Stunting Risk Factor in 2014.</em><em> </em><em>Quantitative data </em><em>analy</em><em>zed</em><em> us</em><em>ing</em><em> univariate, bivariate and multivariate tests</em><em> using logistic regression</em><em>.</em><em> Qualitative data analyzed using Coalizzi method.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: The</em><em> quantitative study showed that</em><em> 37.8% of children under five</em><em> years of age were </em><em>at risk of stunting. </em><em>Maternal height is a factor associated with the risk of stunting in Sukamukti Village (OR = 8.55; 95% CI = 1.8 - 39.7; p = 0.006). The mother's short height (<150 cm) affects the incidence of stunting risk by 8.55 times.</em><em> The qualitative results produced</em><em> seven </em><em>themes</em><em>,</em><em> including 1) Mother's perception of illness (stunting), 2) child health development, 3) Maternal health history, 4) mother's adaptive and maladaptive behavior during child care, 5) mother's form and source of support during child care, 6) mother's form and source of obstacles during child care, and 7) mother's psychological response.</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusio</em></strong><em>n: </em><em>Mother's height is a determinant factors</em><em> for stunting</em><em> in this study</em><em>. Sensitive intervention such as nutrition must </em><em>be carried out with comprehensive nutrition improvement efforts. Empowe</em><em>ring teenagers to improve a healthy lifestyle and balanced nutrition is necessary</em><em> to prevent stunting. </em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong>:<em> </em><em>children; mother; experience; risk; stunting</em></p>","PeriodicalId":32498,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Gizi Indonesia The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jurnal Gizi Indonesia The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2022.10(2).61-70","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

Abstract

ABSTRAK

 

Latar Belakang: Indonesia saat ini menghadapi beban ganda masalah gizi pada anak salah satunya masalah stunting pada balita. Desa Sukamukti menjadi lokus prioritas stunting 2019 di Kabupaten Sumedang dengan angka kejadian 33%. Eksplorasi faktor risiko stunting perlu dilakukan untuk merancang intervensi berkelanjutan .

Tujuan:Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting pada balita di Desa Sukamukti Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2020.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed method dengan rancangan concurrent mixed method. Penelitian kuantitatif melibatkan 37 responden dan penelitian kualitatif melibatkan 2 partisipan yang merupakan ibu balita di Desa Sukamukti Kecamatan Tanjungmedar yang diambil dengan teknik Total Sampling pada bulan Juni 2020. Interpretasi status gizi diukur dengan kurva pertumbuhan WHO tinggi badan per usia pada balita. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dikembangkan dari Faktor Risiko Stunting WHO tahun 2014. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Serta dielaborasikan dengan hasil penelitian kualitatif yang dianalisis dengan metode Coalizzi.

Hasil: Angka kejadian stunting di Desa Sukamukti Kabupaten Sumedang sebesar 37,8%. Faktor tinggi badan ibu merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan risiko stunting di Desa Sukamukti (OR= 8,55; CI95%=1,8 - 39,7; p=0,006). Tinggi badan ibu yang pendek (<150 cm) mempengaruhi kejadian risiko stunting sebesar 8,55 kali.  Hasil kualitatif menghasilkan 7 tema diantaranya adalah: 1) Persepsi ibu tentang penyakit (stunting), 2) perkembangan kesehatan anak, 3). Riwayat kesehatan ibu, 4) perilaku adaptif dan maladaptif ibu selama merawat anak 5) bentuk dan sumber dukungan yang diperoleh ibu selama merawat anak, 6) Bentuk dan sumber hambatan yang ditemui ibu selama merawat anak, serta 7) respon psikologis yang ditunjukan ibu.

Kesimpulan: Tinggi badan ibu menjadi determinan faktor risiko stunting dalam penelitian ini. Intervensi gizi sensitif penting untuk dilakukan dengan upaya perbaikan gizi secara komprehensif dari hulu ke hilir. Pemberdayaan remaja putri dalam meningkatkan pola hidup sehat dan gizi seimbang dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mencegah stunting.

 

KATA KUNCI: anak; ibu; pengalaman; risiko; stunting

ABSTRACT

Background: Indonesia is currently facing a duble burden of nutritional problems in children. Stunting is one of them. Sukamukti Village became the priority locus of stunting, with the prevalence of 33% in 2019. Exploration on stunting risk factors is necessary to identify sustainable interventions.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the factors associated with the risk of stunting in Sukamukti Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia.

Methods: This study is mixed-method research with concurrent mixed-method design. The quantitative study involved 37 respondents and the qualitative study involved 2 participants who are mothers of children under five years of age in Sukamukti Village, taken using the Total Sampling technique in June 2020. Interpretation of nutritional status was measured by th WHO growth curve for height per age in toddlers. Data collected using questionnaire developed from WHO Stunting Risk Factor in 2014. Quantitative data analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate tests using logistic regression. Qualitative data analyzed using Coalizzi method.

Results: The quantitative study showed that 37.8% of children under five years of age were at risk of stunting. Maternal height is a factor associated with the risk of stunting in Sukamukti Village (OR = 8.55; 95% CI = 1.8 - 39.7; p = 0.006). The mother's short height (<150 cm) affects the incidence of stunting risk by 8.55 times. The qualitative results produced seven themes, including 1) Mother's perception of illness (stunting), 2) child health development, 3) Maternal health history, 4) mother's adaptive and maladaptive behavior during child care, 5) mother's form and source of support during child care, 6) mother's form and source of obstacles during child care, and 7) mother's psychological response.

Conclusion: Mother's height is a determinant factors for stunting in this study. Sensitive intervention such as nutrition must be carried out with comprehensive nutrition improvement efforts. Empowering teenagers to improve a healthy lifestyle and balanced nutrition is necessary to prevent stunting.

 

KEYWORDS: children; mother; experience; risk; stunting

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五岁以下儿童发育迟缓的相关因素:一项混合方法研究
摘要背景:印度尼西亚目前面临着儿童营养问题的双重负担,其中一个问题是儿童发育不良。Sukamukti村成为Sumedang 2019特技的优先位置,发生率为33%。目标:本研究旨在确定2020年苏蒙当苏蒙提区幼儿发育迟缓的相关因素。方法:本研究是将概念与概念混合的研究。定量研究涉及37名受访者,定性研究涉及2名5岁的儿童母亲在Sukamukti jungmedar村接受的全样本技术拍摄于2020年6月。营养状况的解释是由世卫组织在幼儿中的每年龄增长曲线来衡量的。数据收集使用2014年世卫组织风险因素开发的问卷调查结果。定量数据使用单变量、双变量和多变量测试进行分析。用Coalizzi法分析的定性研究结果进行分析。结果:苏蒙当苏坎穆克蒂区特技发生率为37.8%。在Sukamukti村(或= 8.55;CI95%= 1.8 - 39.7;p = 0.006)。在这项研究中,母亲身体的高度(结论:母亲身体的高度确定了发育风险因素。重要的是,对从上游到下游的全面营养改善进行全面的干预。加强健康和平衡营养的年轻女性的赋权可以作为一种预防发育的努力。关键词:儿子;妈妈;经验;风险;发育不良背景:印尼最近面临着严重的营养问题。特技就是其中之一。喜欢穆克蒂村成为了2019年33%的石膏石膏模型。探索特技因素需要标识可持续的干预。目标:这项研究是为了确定在印度尼西亚西爪哇岛苏梅克提村的风险特技演员。方法:这个研究是混合的方法与混合的方法设计的研究。在Sukamukti村,两名参与者参与了为期5年的儿童样本研究。对营养状态的解释是由那些在蹒跚学步的孩子中长大的人提出的。2014年,来自世卫组织最危险因素的数据收集问题。单变量、双变量和多变量测试应用逻辑回归。Coalizzi method的数据质量分析。再审:五年内有37.8%的儿童面临特技风险。母亲高地是苏加木提村特技风险的一个因素(或= 8.55;95%的CI = 1.8 - 39.7;[英文]《母亲的短高地(qqe results由七themes, 1)在内的母亲的知觉发育疾病之谜》(),2)儿童健康发展,3)对子女的健康history), 4)妈妈adaptive和during maladaptive社会行为的儿童保育,期间5)母亲和源代码形式的支持儿童保育,6)期间母亲》和obstacles源代码形式的儿童护理》,和7)母亲的心理反应。结论:母亲的温和是这项研究的决定性因素。像营养不良这样的敏感干预必须伴随着相互竞争的营养刺激而被考虑。让青少年植入一种健康的生活方式,平衡营养是必要的预防特技。安装:儿童;母亲;体验;风险;发育迟缓
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