{"title":"Algal rhodopsins encoding diverse signal sequence holds potential for expansion of organelle optogenetics.","authors":"Kumari Sushmita, Sunita Sharma, Manish Singh Kaushik, Suneel Kateriya","doi":"10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.s008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhodopsins have been extensively employed for optogenetic regulation of bioelectrical activity of excitable cells and other cellular processes across biological systems. Various strategies have been adopted to attune the cellular processes at the desired subcellular compartment (plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosome) within the cell. These strategies include-adding signal sequences, tethering peptides, specific interaction sites, or mRNA elements at different sites in the optogenetic proteins for plasma membrane integration and subcellular targeting. However, a single approach for organelle optogenetics was not suitable for the relevant optogenetic proteins and often led to the poor expression, mislocalization, or altered physical and functional properties. Therefore, the current study is focused on the native subcellular targeting machinery of algal rhodopsins. The N- and C-terminus signal prediction led to the identification of rhodopsins with diverse organelle targeting signal sequences for the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, endosome, vacuole, and cilia. Several identified channelrhodopsins and ion-pumping rhodopsins possess effector domains associated with DNA metabolism (repair, replication, and recombination) and gene regulation. The identified algal rhodopsins with diverse effector domains and encoded native subcellular targeting sequences hold immense potential to establish expanded organelle optogenetic regulation and associated cellular signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8976,"journal":{"name":"Biophysics and Physicobiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10865886/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biophysics and Physicobiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.s008","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/3/21 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Rhodopsins have been extensively employed for optogenetic regulation of bioelectrical activity of excitable cells and other cellular processes across biological systems. Various strategies have been adopted to attune the cellular processes at the desired subcellular compartment (plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosome) within the cell. These strategies include-adding signal sequences, tethering peptides, specific interaction sites, or mRNA elements at different sites in the optogenetic proteins for plasma membrane integration and subcellular targeting. However, a single approach for organelle optogenetics was not suitable for the relevant optogenetic proteins and often led to the poor expression, mislocalization, or altered physical and functional properties. Therefore, the current study is focused on the native subcellular targeting machinery of algal rhodopsins. The N- and C-terminus signal prediction led to the identification of rhodopsins with diverse organelle targeting signal sequences for the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, endosome, vacuole, and cilia. Several identified channelrhodopsins and ion-pumping rhodopsins possess effector domains associated with DNA metabolism (repair, replication, and recombination) and gene regulation. The identified algal rhodopsins with diverse effector domains and encoded native subcellular targeting sequences hold immense potential to establish expanded organelle optogenetic regulation and associated cellular signaling.
在整个生物系统中,人们已广泛利用罗得蛋白对可兴奋细胞的生物电活动和其他细胞过程进行光遗传调控。人们采用了各种策略来调整细胞内所需亚细胞区室(质膜、内质网、高尔基体、线粒体、溶酶体)的细胞过程。这些策略包括在光遗传蛋白的不同部位添加信号序列、系留肽、特定的相互作用位点或 mRNA 元件,以实现质膜整合和亚细胞靶向。然而,单一的细胞器光遗传学方法并不适合相关的光遗传蛋白,往往会导致表达不良、定位错误或物理和功能特性改变。因此,目前的研究侧重于藻类视蛋白的原生亚细胞靶向机制。通过对 N 端和 C 端信号的预测,发现了具有多种细胞器靶向信号序列的藻类视蛋白,包括细胞核、线粒体、溶酶体、内质体、液泡和纤毛。已发现的几种通道视蛋白和离子泵视蛋白具有与 DNA 代谢(修复、复制和重组)和基因调控有关的效应结构域。已发现的藻类视网膜蛋白具有不同的效应结构域和编码的本地亚细胞靶向序列,在建立扩展的细胞器光遗传调控和相关细胞信号传导方面具有巨大潜力。