Review of analytical methods for lead determination in paints and varnishes

E. Tarasova, Khalidya Khizbulaevna Khamidulina, Andrey Konstantinovich Nazarenko
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Abstract

Introduction. The draft Technical Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union “On the Safety of Paint and Varnish Materials” establishes the lead content in paint and varnish materials for interior and exterior surfaces of residential and (or) public premises, furniture products, playgrounds, products for children and adolescents, attractions, products in contact with food, and used for water treatment equipment at a level not exceeding 0,009% of the total weight of non-volatile chemicals with a transition period of 60 months. Current GOST R 50279.10-92 (ISO 6503-84) (GOST R 50279.10-92 (ISO 6503-84). Paints and varnishes. Methods for determination of metal content. Determination of total lead content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry method) and GOST R 50279.3-92 (ISO 3856/1-84) (GOST R 50279.3-92 (ISO 3856/1-84). Paints and varnishes. Methods for determination of metal content. Determination of “dissolved” lead content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry and dithizone spectrophotometric method) with detection limits of lead at 0,01% (by weight) do not provide the required sensitivity, and therefore it becomes necessary to develop and approve in accordance with the established procedure an analytical method for lead determination in paint and varnish materials at the level of 0,0045% of the total weight of non-volatile chemicals (1/2 of the established standard). Materials and methods. Documents, guidelines and webinars of the Eurasian Economic Union, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Environment Program, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), manufacturers of analytical equipment (26 sources in total) were used in the preparation of the review. Results and discussions. The review presents the most common methods for lead determination in paints and varnishes, indicating their characteristics, advantages and limitations: flame atomic absorption spectrometry; atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization; atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Conclusion. A systematic analysis of the methods for lead determination in paints and varnishes existing in domestic and foreign practice, taking into account the lower detection limit, as well as the costs of consumables and equipment maintenance, allows to identify three methods that are of interest in terms of developing guidelines: atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization; atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma; high-resolution X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
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涂料和清漆中铅测定分析方法综述
介绍。欧亚经济联盟技术法规草案“关于油漆和清漆材料的安全性”规定了住宅和(或)公共场所、家具产品、游乐场、儿童和青少年产品、景点、与食品接触的产品的内外表面油漆和清漆材料中的铅含量。并用于水处理设备,其水平不超过非挥发性化学品总重量的0.009%,过渡期为60个月。现行GOST R 50279.10-92 (ISO 6503-84) (GOST R 50279.10-92 (ISO 6503-84))。油漆和清漆。金属含量的测定方法。总铅含量的测定。火焰原子吸收光谱法)和GOST R 50279.3-92 (ISO 3856/1-84) (GOST R 50279.3-92 (ISO 3856/1-84)。油漆和清漆。金属含量的测定方法。“溶解”铅含量的测定。火焰原子吸收光谱法和双硫腙分光光度法)的铅检测限为0.1%(重量比),不能提供所需的灵敏度,因此有必要根据既定程序开发和批准一种分析方法,用于测定油漆和清漆材料中非挥发性化学品总重量的0.0045%(既定标准的1/2)的铅。材料和方法。在审查的准备工作中使用了欧亚经济联盟、世界卫生组织、联合国环境规划署、美国测试和材料学会(ASTM国际)、国际标准化组织(ISO)、美国环境保护署(EPA)、分析设备制造商(总共26个来源)的文件、指南和网络研讨会。结果和讨论。综述了涂料和清漆中常用的铅测定方法,指出了它们的特点、优点和局限性:火焰原子吸收光谱法;电热雾化原子吸收光谱法;电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法;x射线荧光光谱法。结论。考虑到较低的检出限,以及耗材和设备维护成本,对国内外现有的油漆和清漆中铅的测定方法进行了系统分析,确定了三种对制定指南感兴趣的方法:电热雾化原子吸收光谱法;电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法;高分辨率x射线荧光光谱法
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