Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-14-19
O. Nechaykina, S. Petunov, D. S. Laptev, D. V. Bobkov
Introduction. Unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, heptyl) is widely used as a rocket fuel. Heptyl belongs to especially dangerous substances (hazard class I). UDMH with chronic intragastric administration has a cardiotropic effect, which served as the basis for studying its effect on the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels, since they are part of the vascular system. In addition, lymphatic vessels are considered as objects similar in terms of parameters of phase contractile activity with the heart and having a certain commonality of regulatory mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells of lymphangions. Materials and methods. The toxic effect of UDMH was evaluated on a model of isolated rat lymphatic vessels with subchronic intragastric administration of heptyl for 28 days at doses of 0.02; 0.2; and 2 mg/kg. Results. The use of UDMH in all studied doses led to a decrease in the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels, which manifested itself in the suppression of the frequency and amplitude of contractions and, as a consequence, the integral indicator – minute productivity. At the same time, the tonic voltage increased dose-dependent. When assessing the state of the endothelium of lymphatic vessels using acetylcholine, a decrease (inversion) of the response of lymphangions to the vasodilator was revealed. Limitations of the study. The study was performed on male white rats and does not take into account gender differences in the effect of NDMG on lymphatic vessels. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was found that UDMH in doses of 0.02; 0.2; and 2 mg/kg causes inhibition of the pumping function of lymphatic vessels, due to a violation of the processes of both excitation and contraction in smooth muscle cells of lymphangions.
{"title":"Effect of subchronic use of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine on contractile activity of isolated lymphatic vessels","authors":"O. Nechaykina, S. Petunov, D. S. Laptev, D. V. Bobkov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-14-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-14-19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH, heptyl) is widely used as a rocket fuel. Heptyl belongs to especially dangerous substances (hazard class I). UDMH with chronic intragastric administration has a cardiotropic effect, which served as the basis for studying its effect on the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels, since they are part of the vascular system. In addition, lymphatic vessels are considered as objects similar in terms of parameters of phase contractile activity with the heart and having a certain commonality of regulatory mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells of lymphangions. \u0000Materials and methods. The toxic effect of UDMH was evaluated on a model of isolated rat lymphatic vessels with subchronic intragastric administration of heptyl for 28 days at doses of 0.02; 0.2; and 2 mg/kg. \u0000Results. The use of UDMH in all studied doses led to a decrease in the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels, which manifested itself in the suppression of the frequency and amplitude of contractions and, as a consequence, the integral indicator – minute productivity. At the same time, the tonic voltage increased dose-dependent. When assessing the state of the endothelium of lymphatic vessels using acetylcholine, a decrease (inversion) of the response of lymphangions to the vasodilator was revealed. \u0000Limitations of the study. The study was performed on male white rats and does not take into account gender differences in the effect of NDMG on lymphatic vessels. \u0000Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was found that UDMH in doses of 0.02; 0.2; and 2 mg/kg causes inhibition of the pumping function of lymphatic vessels, due to a violation of the processes of both excitation and contraction in smooth muscle cells of lymphangions.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-20-30
Khalidya Khizbulaevna Khamidulina, E. V. Tarasova, Mikhail L. Lastovetsky
Introduction. The development of integrated approaches to testing, assessment of the hazard and exposure risk of chemicals on human health and the environment is one of the priorities of preventive toxicology. An integrated approach involves various combinations of methods in silico, in chemico, in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo for hazard assessment. In the Russian Federation, in silico methods are often perceived with skepticism, mainly due to the lack of their legal status, weak methodological base and insufficient training of specialists. In order to expand the methodological base, the possibility of predicting the stability of chemicals in biotic conditions using the OECD QSAR Toolbox software was studied. Material and methods. The OECD QSAR Toolbox software version 4.4.1., OECD guidelines on the assessment of biodegradation of chemicals. Results. The world community and the OECD have developed and implemented a three-level system for chemicals biodegradation testing, which includes tests for readily biodegradation (OECD Guidelines 301 A, 301 B, 301 C, 301 D, 301 E, 301 F, 306, 310), tests to determine the potential biodegradability (OECD Guidelines 302 A, 302 B, 302 C, 304 A) and model systems tests (OECD Guidelines 303 A, 303 B). To test the capabilities of the program, 24 endpoints were selected. They are the determination of biodegradability (%) by BOD, DOC, CO2, CH4 releases in OECD tests 301 A, 301 B, 301 C, 301 D, 302 C, 302 B, biodegradability (%) in sediments and soil, bioconcentration factors for more than 100 organic chemicals of various structures. The parameters were calculated using the analog method, followed by mandatory interpretation of the data obtained by an expert. When predicting the biodegradability of chemicals, it is necessary to perform a series of calculations using different tests (OECD tests 301 A, 301 B, 301 C, 301 D, 301 E, 302 B are preferred) and grouping methods followed by a comprehensive assessment of the results obtained, taking into account not only the structural similarity of substances and analogues, but also the quality of the experimental data used. When predicting biodegradability by BOD values, it is advisable to use the OECD 301 C test. The proportion of tested substances whose biodegradability could be estimated by BOD values is about 50% in the OECD 301 C test, which is primarily due to the presence of a significant amount of experimental data. The calculation of bioconcentration factors seems to be promising. For about 45% of the tested substances, it was possible to calculate bioconcentration coefficients with good correlation with experimental data. Biodegradation in soil (% and half-life) can be predicted only for a very limited range of compounds (10% of the tested substances), which is due to the difficulty of selecting structurally similar analogues with experimental data. The method is not applicable for predicting the biodegradation of salts, organometallic compounds, polymer molecules a
{"title":"Prediction of the biodegradation of chemicals using OECD QSAR Toolbox software","authors":"Khalidya Khizbulaevna Khamidulina, E. V. Tarasova, Mikhail L. Lastovetsky","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-20-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-20-30","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The development of integrated approaches to testing, assessment of the hazard and exposure risk of chemicals on human health and the environment is one of the priorities of preventive toxicology. An integrated approach involves various combinations of methods in silico, in chemico, in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo for hazard assessment. In the Russian Federation, in silico methods are often perceived with skepticism, mainly due to the lack of their legal status, weak methodological base and insufficient training of specialists. In order to expand the methodological base, the possibility of predicting the stability of chemicals in biotic conditions using the OECD QSAR Toolbox software was studied. \u0000Material and methods. The OECD QSAR Toolbox software version 4.4.1., OECD guidelines on the assessment of biodegradation of chemicals. \u0000Results. The world community and the OECD have developed and implemented a three-level system for chemicals biodegradation testing, which includes tests for readily biodegradation (OECD Guidelines 301 A, 301 B, 301 C, 301 D, 301 E, 301 F, 306, 310), tests to determine the potential biodegradability (OECD Guidelines 302 A, 302 B, 302 C, 304 A) and model systems tests (OECD Guidelines 303 A, 303 B). \u0000To test the capabilities of the program, 24 endpoints were selected. They are the determination of biodegradability (%) by BOD, DOC, CO2, CH4 releases in OECD tests 301 A, 301 B, 301 C, 301 D, \u0000302 C, 302 B, biodegradability (%) in sediments and soil, bioconcentration factors for more than 100 organic chemicals of various structures. \u0000The parameters were calculated using the analog method, followed by mandatory interpretation of the data obtained by an expert. When predicting the biodegradability of chemicals, it is necessary to perform a series of calculations using different tests (OECD tests 301 A, 301 B, 301 C, 301 D, 301 E, 302 B are preferred) and grouping methods followed by a comprehensive assessment of the results obtained, taking into account not only the structural similarity of substances and analogues, but also the quality of the experimental data used. When predicting biodegradability by BOD values, it is advisable to use the OECD 301 C test. The proportion of tested substances whose biodegradability could be estimated by BOD values is about 50% in the OECD 301 C test, which is primarily due to the presence of a significant amount of experimental data. The calculation of bioconcentration factors seems to be promising. For about 45% of the tested substances, it was possible to calculate bioconcentration coefficients with good correlation with experimental data. Biodegradation in soil (% and half-life) can be predicted only for a very limited range of compounds (10% of the tested substances), which is due to the difficulty of selecting structurally similar analogues with experimental data. The method is not applicable for predicting the biodegradation of salts, organometallic compounds, polymer molecules a","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"1980 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-31-41
Alla Yu. Savchenko, Ilya I. Kartamyshev, Pavel A. Zhiltcov, Natalya S. Dubovik
Introduction. Metoprolol is a cardioselective blocker of β-adrenergic receptors. Drugs containing metoprolol have hypotensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic effects. Moderately dangerous when taken orally, has a general toxic effect. Metoprolol is produced in two forms: in the form of salts of tartaric and succinic acids, the approximate safe level of exposure to which is 0.3 mg/m3. To ensure the safety of workers, it is necessary to carry out sanitary and hygienic air control. Methods for the quantitative analysis of metoprolol in the air of the working area, presented in the current scientific literature, allow monitoring only for metoprolol salts in the form of tartrate. The aim of the study is to develop and validate an analytical method for the quantitative determination of metoprolol succinate in the air of the working area by HPLC-MS. Materials and methods. For the analysis, standard samples of metoprolol succinate and air samples taken at all stages of the life cycle of the production of the drug metoproolol were used. Chromatographic separation and detection were performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity G6125B high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a column and sample thermostat, a degasser, a pump, an autosampler, and a G6125B mass selective detector. A Waters Xbridge® C18 3.5 µm column was used; 2.1×30 mm (Waters, Ireland). Primary data were processed using Open Lab CDS ChemStation Edition (Rev. C.01.07 SR3) software (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. A method for the quantitative determination of metoprolol succinate in air samples by HPLC-MS has been developed and validated. During the validation of the developed methodology, it was found that the validation characteristics (specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision, correctness, reproducibility) are within the acceptance criteria. The analytical range of the technique was 0.1–10.0 µg/ml and allows the developed technique to be used to control the average shift MPCs in the air of the working area. Limitations. The results of the study of the air in the working area are applicable only to the production of the drug metoprolol in the form of tablets; the study of air during the synthesis and packaging of the active pharmaceutical substance was not carried out. Conclusion. An analysis of air samples from the production of the drug metoprolol was carried out and the safety of working conditions was proved.
{"title":"Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of metoprolol succinate in the air of the working area by high-performance liquid chromatography using mass spectra","authors":"Alla Yu. Savchenko, Ilya I. Kartamyshev, Pavel A. Zhiltcov, Natalya S. Dubovik","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-31-41","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Metoprolol is a cardioselective blocker of β-adrenergic receptors. Drugs containing metoprolol have hypotensive, antianginal, antiarrhythmic effects. Moderately dangerous when taken orally, has a general toxic effect. Metoprolol is produced in two forms: in the form of salts of tartaric and succinic acids, the approximate safe level of exposure to which is 0.3 mg/m3. To ensure the safety of workers, it is necessary to carry out sanitary and hygienic air control. Methods for the quantitative analysis of metoprolol in the air of the working area, presented in the current scientific literature, allow monitoring only for metoprolol salts in the form of tartrate. \u0000The aim of the study is to develop and validate an analytical method for the quantitative determination \u0000of metoprolol succinate in the air of the working area by HPLC-MS. \u0000Materials and methods. For the analysis, standard samples of metoprolol succinate and air samples taken at all stages of the life cycle of the production of the drug metoproolol were used. Chromatographic separation and detection were performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity G6125B high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a column and sample thermostat, a degasser, a pump, an autosampler, and a G6125B mass selective detector. A Waters Xbridge® C18 3.5 µm column was used; 2.1×30 mm (Waters, Ireland). Primary data were processed using Open Lab CDS ChemStation Edition (Rev. C.01.07 SR3) software (Agilent Technologies, USA). \u0000Results. A method for the quantitative determination of metoprolol succinate in air samples by HPLC-MS has been developed and validated. During the validation of the developed methodology, it was found that the validation characteristics (specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision, correctness, reproducibility) are within the acceptance criteria. The analytical range of the technique was 0.1–10.0 µg/ml and allows the developed technique to be used to control the average shift MPCs in the air of the working area. \u0000Limitations. The results of the study of the air in the working area are applicable only to the production of the drug metoprolol in the form of tablets; the study of air during the synthesis and packaging of the active pharmaceutical substance was not carried out. \u0000Conclusion. An analysis of air samples from the production of the drug metoprolol was carried out and the safety of working conditions was proved.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"77 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-50-55
Редакция Editorial
{"title":"Assessment and classification of the danger of endocrine disruptors","authors":"Редакция Editorial","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-50-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-50-55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"2019 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-5-13
E.A Gudkova, Pavel N. Shirokov
Introduction. Pollution of the environment by plastic waste is one of the modern global problems. Material and methods. The article analyzes international agreements related to the regulation of the production and circulation of pollutants, including plastic waste, with a summary of information materials. Results. The solution to the problems of environmental pollution by plastic waste, identified on the basis of an analysis of international agreements, Russian laws is seen primarily through amendments to the current legislation. At the end of the article, a list of normative documents that were used in the work when writing the article is given, as well as a list of websites of international multilateral agreements and international non-governmental organizations. Conclusion. The article analyzes and summarizes information materials on what and how is being done in the Russian Federation in connection with this global problem.
{"title":"Toxic pollution: current aspects of plastic waste management, optimal solutions without prohibitive measures usage","authors":"E.A Gudkova, Pavel N. Shirokov","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Pollution of the environment by plastic waste is one of the modern global problems. \u0000Material and methods. The article analyzes international agreements related to the regulation of the production and circulation of pollutants, including plastic waste, with a summary of information materials. \u0000Results. The solution to the problems of environmental pollution by plastic waste, identified on the basis of an analysis of international agreements, Russian laws is seen primarily through amendments to the current legislation. At the end of the article, a list of normative documents that were used in the work when writing the article is given, as well as a list of websites of international multilateral agreements and international non-governmental organizations. \u0000Conclusion. The article analyzes and summarizes information materials on what and how is being done in the Russian Federation in connection with this global problem.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"12 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-42-49
S. Kuznetsov, V. L. Reinuk, A. H. Lodyagin, B. V. Batotsyrenov, Yu A Molin, B. S. Litvincev, A. G. Sinenchenko, A. A. Kuznetsova, N. A. Kirsanova
Introduction. Using the example of practical observation, the article describes the features of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning, as well as the role of the therapeutic and diagnostic process and forensic medical examination in proving it. The aim of the study was to develop effective principles of a comprehensive forensic expert assessment of a case of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning, as well as to highlight the leading aspects of the role of the therapeutic and diagnostic process in proving the harm to health caused by an environmental crime. Material and methods. The material of the study was a case of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning of residents of the village of Samorodovo of the Orenburg region, which served as the basis for the introduction of an intermunicipal emergency regime on the territory of Orenburg and the Orenburg region. 35 conclusions of the forensic medical examination, 35 medical histories, 1 conclusion of the forensic environmental examination, 1 indictment and 1 sentence were subjected to retrospective analysis. Results. Based on the analysis of the considered case of mass poisoning, it can be concluded that to prove a number of environmental crimes, conducting a forensic environmental examination alone is not enough, since objective medical data on the state of health of the victims are also required to establish circumstances significant for the investigation. In other words, the information necessary for the investigation can be obtained only through the most complete clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination of all victims, followed by a forensic medical assessment of the data obtained. Limitations. The conducted research was carried out as part of an initiative research work on the analysis of environmental crimes committed on the territory of the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021. The analyzed documents were provided by the relevant regional divisions of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation by prior agreement and included only materials of criminal cases completed by the investigation. Conclusion. The results obtained in the framework of this study clearly demonstrate that in situations like the one described, the presence of even minor diagnostic manifestations of poisoning, and most importantly their objective fixation in medical documentation, allow us to obtain the information necessary to establish the objective truth in the case.
{"title":"Mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning and the role of forensic medical examination in proving","authors":"S. Kuznetsov, V. L. Reinuk, A. H. Lodyagin, B. V. Batotsyrenov, Yu A Molin, B. S. Litvincev, A. G. Sinenchenko, A. A. Kuznetsova, N. A. Kirsanova","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-42-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-1-42-49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Using the example of practical observation, the article describes the features of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning, as well as the role of the therapeutic and diagnostic process and forensic medical examination in proving it. \u0000The aim of the study was to develop effective principles of a comprehensive forensic expert assessment of a case of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning, as well as to highlight the leading aspects of the role of the therapeutic and diagnostic process in proving the harm to health caused by an environmental crime. \u0000Material and methods. The material of the study was a case of mass hydrogen sulfide poisoning of residents of the village of Samorodovo of the Orenburg region, which served as the basis for the introduction of an intermunicipal emergency regime on the territory of Orenburg and the Orenburg region. 35 conclusions of the forensic medical examination, 35 medical histories, 1 conclusion of the forensic environmental examination, 1 indictment and 1 sentence were subjected to retrospective analysis. \u0000Results. Based on the analysis of the considered case of mass poisoning, it can be concluded that to prove a number of environmental crimes, conducting a forensic environmental examination alone is not enough, since objective medical data on the state of health of the victims are also required to establish circumstances significant for the investigation. In other words, the information necessary for the investigation can be obtained only through the most complete clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination of all victims, followed by a forensic medical assessment of the data obtained. \u0000Limitations. The conducted research was carried out as part of an initiative research work on the analysis of environmental crimes committed on the territory of the Russian Federation in the period from 2016 to 2021. The analyzed documents were provided by the relevant regional divisions of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation by prior agreement and included only materials of criminal cases completed by the investigation. \u0000Conclusion. The results obtained in the framework of this study clearly demonstrate that in situations like the one described, the presence of even minor diagnostic manifestations of poisoning, and most importantly their objective fixation in medical documentation, allow us to obtain the information necessary to establish the objective truth in the case.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-276
Редакция Editorial
{"title":"Second meeting of the intergovernmental negotiational committee for the development of a legally binding international treaty to combat environmental pollution, including marine plastic garbage","authors":"Редакция Editorial","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84285171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-232-236
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Noniashvili
Introduction. Cadmium (CD) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment, when it enters the human body, it leads to the development of various diseases. The aim of this work was to study the effect of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride on the preimplantation development of mouse embryos in vivo. Material and methods. During the first three days of pregnancy, female mice were injected with 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2). On the fourth day of the experiment, the embryos were explanted from the uterus and assessed development by the number of morules and blastocysts in each group and the number of blastomeres in the control and exposed embryos. Results. Embryos exposed to cadmium chloride in utero passed the initial stages of cleavage and blastocyst formation faster than the control embryos. At the blastocyst stage, the rate of cleavage of exposed and control embryos statistically did not differ. Limitations. The influence of the toxicant was assessed only on preimplantation mice embryos with intraperitoneal administration of the drug to mothers and in a single dose. Studies of mouse embryos at the postimplantation period of development would reveal in more detail the effect of the drug on embryogenesis. Conclusion. Injections of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride to female mice at the debut of pregnancy force the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage.
{"title":"The development of pre-implantation mouse embryos under the influence of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride on the maternal organism","authors":"Ekaterina Mikhailovna Noniashvili","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-232-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-232-236","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cadmium (CD) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment, when it enters the human body, it leads to the development of various diseases. \u0000The aim of this work was to study the effect of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride on the preimplantation development of mouse embryos in vivo. \u0000Material and methods. During the first three days of pregnancy, female mice were injected with 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2). On the fourth day of the experiment, the embryos were explanted from the uterus and assessed development by the number of morules and blastocysts in each group and the number of blastomeres in the control and exposed embryos. \u0000Results. Embryos exposed to cadmium chloride in utero passed the initial stages of cleavage and blastocyst formation faster than the control embryos. At the blastocyst stage, the rate of cleavage of exposed and control embryos statistically did not differ. \u0000Limitations. The influence of the toxicant was assessed only on preimplantation mice embryos with intraperitoneal administration of the drug to mothers and in a single dose. Studies of mouse embryos at the postimplantation period of development would reveal in more detail the effect of the drug on embryogenesis. \u0000Conclusion. Injections of sublethal doses of cadmium chloride to female mice at the debut of pregnancy force the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82301094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-243-254
Mikhail Leonidovich Lastovetskiy, Khalidya Khizbulaevna Khamidulina, Elena Vladimirovna Tarasova
Introduction. The study of chemicals for the presence of a reprotoxic effect is a complex, time-consuming and resource-intensive process, therefore, alternative screening approaches are being developed by the international community. As such screening approaches, calculation methods are actively introduced into toxicological practice using the OECD QSAR Toolbox software. Therefore, the aim of our research was to write a manual on predicting the reprotoxic effects of chemicals using the OECD QSAR Toolbox software. Material and methods. OECD QSAR Toolbox software version 4.4.1., OECD guidelines on the assessment of the reprotoxic effect. Results and discussion. We have developed the manual “Prediction of the reprotoxic effect of chemicals”, selected six of the most informative and used OECD testing methods for assessing the reprotoxic potential of chemicals, studied and described the component of the “DART scheme” program, which is used to predict reproductive toxicity. The parameters that need to be set in the program to perform calculations are also selected: endpoints, profilers, databases, and others. The results of calculations in the program are presented in the form of tables. Conclusion. Prediction of reprotoxicity using software is a screening method that allows you to select analogue substances and calculate approximate NOAEL / LOAEL values for subsequent experimental determination. The calculated data are close to the experimental ones, however, the qualified work of an expert is required to select analogues and interpret the results obtained.
{"title":"Application of OECD QSAR Toolbox software for predicting the reprotoxic effects of chemicals","authors":"Mikhail Leonidovich Lastovetskiy, Khalidya Khizbulaevna Khamidulina, Elena Vladimirovna Tarasova","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-243-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-243-254","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of chemicals for the presence of a reprotoxic effect is a complex, time-consuming and resource-intensive process, therefore, alternative screening approaches are being developed by the international community. As such screening approaches, calculation methods are actively introduced into toxicological practice using the OECD QSAR Toolbox software. Therefore, the aim of our research was to write a manual on predicting the reprotoxic effects of chemicals using the OECD QSAR Toolbox software. \u0000Material and methods. OECD QSAR Toolbox software version 4.4.1., OECD guidelines on the assessment of the reprotoxic effect. \u0000Results and discussion. We have developed the manual “Prediction of the reprotoxic effect of chemicals”, selected six of the most informative and used OECD testing methods for assessing the reprotoxic potential of chemicals, studied and described the component of the “DART scheme” program, which is used to predict reproductive toxicity. The parameters that need to be set in the program to perform calculations are also selected: endpoints, profilers, databases, and others. The results of calculations in the program are presented in the form of tables. \u0000Conclusion. Prediction of reprotoxicity using software is a screening method that allows you to select analogue substances and calculate approximate NOAEL / LOAEL values for subsequent experimental determination. \u0000The calculated data are close to the experimental ones, however, the qualified work of an expert is required to select analogues and interpret the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77424447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The objectives of the study are to develop new risk assessment criteria and analyze their advantages, compare the results obtained with different approaches to the application of the existing methodology for calculating individual risks (using the example of one of the studied hypothetical objects). Results. New (additional) criteria for assessing individual risk with grouping of harmful substances, justified for use in calculating the individual risk of receiving a toxodose leading to mild injury (decreased performance). Limitations. The results obtained can be used in the development of methods for assessing the chemical safety of specific facilities and performing standardization work. Conclusion. The use of new approaches to risk calculation should provide an opportunity to more accurately assess the level of exposure for a person, predict the likelihood of adverse effects of varying severity and, accordingly, propose mechanisms to reduce exposure levels and take measures to minimize the negative impact.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the use of various criteria for assessing individual risk at the Navy facilities","authors":"Ekaterina Igorevna Kicha, Maxim Alexandrovich Kicha","doi":"10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-226-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-4-226-231","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The objectives of the study are to develop new risk assessment criteria and analyze their advantages, compare the results obtained with different approaches to the application of the existing methodology for calculating individual risks (using the example of one of the studied hypothetical objects). \u0000Results. New (additional) criteria for assessing individual risk with grouping of harmful substances, justified for use in calculating the individual risk of receiving a toxodose leading to mild injury (decreased performance). \u0000Limitations. The results obtained can be used in the development of methods for assessing the chemical safety of specific facilities and performing standardization work. \u0000Conclusion. The use of new approaches to risk calculation should provide an opportunity to more accurately assess the level of exposure for a person, predict the likelihood of adverse effects of varying severity and, accordingly, propose mechanisms to reduce exposure levels and take measures to minimize the negative impact.","PeriodicalId":23128,"journal":{"name":"Toxicological Review","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78871015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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