{"title":"A new caustic process for softening produced water for steam generation","authors":"R. J. Jan, T. Reed","doi":"10.2118/19759-PA","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Oilfield produced water containing a high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) and hardness can successfully be softened for use as oilfield steam-generator feedwater. At the Belridge in Kern County, CA, the combination of caustic softening and weak-acid cation exchange has been used to soften produced water containing 11,000 TDS and 550-ppm hardness to <1-ppm hardness. The resultant sludge containing calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide is concentrated by centrifuging and is disposed of in a landfill. Compared to the use of conventional strong-acid ion exchange followed by weak acid or weak acid followed by weak-acid ion exchange systems, the process offers the benefits of lower capital and chemical costs, partial silica removal, and elimination of liquid waste discharge","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"74 1","pages":"199-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"15","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Spe Production Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2118/19759-PA","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Abstract
Oilfield produced water containing a high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) and hardness can successfully be softened for use as oilfield steam-generator feedwater. At the Belridge in Kern County, CA, the combination of caustic softening and weak-acid cation exchange has been used to soften produced water containing 11,000 TDS and 550-ppm hardness to <1-ppm hardness. The resultant sludge containing calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide is concentrated by centrifuging and is disposed of in a landfill. Compared to the use of conventional strong-acid ion exchange followed by weak acid or weak acid followed by weak-acid ion exchange systems, the process offers the benefits of lower capital and chemical costs, partial silica removal, and elimination of liquid waste discharge
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