Laboratory investigation of the interactions between fracturing fluids and resin-coated proppants (RCP's) revealed (among other conclusions) that RCP's are incompatible with oxidizing breakers. Areas covered included RCP effect on fluid rheology, fluid relationship to RCP strength, theoretical study of required RCP strengths to prevent flowback, and experimental measurement to establish minimum strength
{"title":"Application of curable resin-coated proppants","authors":"L. Norman, J. Terracina, Mccabe, P. Nguyen","doi":"10.2118/20640-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20640-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratory investigation of the interactions between fracturing fluids and resin-coated proppants (RCP's) revealed (among other conclusions) that RCP's are incompatible with oxidizing breakers. Areas covered included RCP effect on fluid rheology, fluid relationship to RCP strength, theoretical study of required RCP strengths to prevent flowback, and experimental measurement to establish minimum strength","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"2012 1","pages":"343-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86381353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a general and unified equation for flowing temperature prediction that is applicable for the entire range of inclination angles. The equation degenerates into Ramey's equations for ideal gas or incompressible liquid and into the Coulter and Bardon equation, with the appropriate assumptions. This work also proposes an approximate method for calculating the Joule- Thomson coefficient for black-oil models
{"title":"A Unified Model for Predicting Flowing Temperature Distribution in Wellbores and Pipelines","authors":"I. N. Alves, F. Alhanati, O. Shoham","doi":"10.2118/20632-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/20632-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a general and unified equation for flowing temperature prediction that is applicable for the entire range of inclination angles. The equation degenerates into Ramey's equations for ideal gas or incompressible liquid and into the Coulter and Bardon equation, with the appropriate assumptions. This work also proposes an approximate method for calculating the Joule- Thomson coefficient for black-oil models","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"363-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87706931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coalbed methane (CBM) wells are usually dewatered with sucker rod or progressive cavity pumps to reduce wellbore water levels, although not without problems. This paper describes high-volume artificial-lift technology that incorporates specifically designed gas-lift methods to dewater Black Warrior CBM wells. Gas lift provides improved well maintenance and production optimization by the use of conventional wireline service methods.
{"title":"Gas-Lift Technology Applied to Dewatering of Coalbed Methane Wells in the Black Warrior Basin","authors":"Kenneth Johnson, A. Coats, S. Marinello","doi":"10.2118/21590-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/21590-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Coalbed methane (CBM) wells are usually dewatered with sucker rod or progressive cavity pumps to reduce wellbore water levels, although not without problems. This paper describes high-volume artificial-lift technology that incorporates specifically designed gas-lift methods to dewater Black Warrior CBM wells. Gas lift provides improved well maintenance and production optimization by the use of conventional wireline service methods.","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"379-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91179827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies were conducted on site in the Coalinga, Belridge, and Midway Sunset fields in California to research the cause of metal losses detected in the radiant section return bends and immediate piping downstream from the steam generators. Surveillance of silica content in the influent and effluent streams of the selected steam generators and the results of X-ray inspection of bends, elbows, welds, and pipings indicated that (1) a correlation is likely to exist between the silica and bicarbonate concentration in the feed- water and the silicate scale buildup, and incident rate of wall loss and (2) the cause of wall loss/pipe failures is a combination of corrosion and erosion mechanisms accelerated at higher steam qualities
{"title":"Effect of high silica content on scale deposition and pipe-wall loss in oilfield steam generators","authors":"Z. Khatib, E. E. Olson, M. C. Place","doi":"10.2118/19760-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/19760-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted on site in the Coalinga, Belridge, and Midway Sunset fields in California to research the cause of metal losses detected in the radiant section return bends and immediate piping downstream from the steam generators. Surveillance of silica content in the influent and effluent streams of the selected steam generators and the results of X-ray inspection of bends, elbows, welds, and pipings indicated that (1) a correlation is likely to exist between the silica and bicarbonate concentration in the feed- water and the silicate scale buildup, and incident rate of wall loss and (2) the cause of wall loss/pipe failures is a combination of corrosion and erosion mechanisms accelerated at higher steam qualities","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"357-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90680577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudo 3D (P3D) hydraulic fracturing models often overpredict fracture height for a poorly contained fracture. This is caused partly by either the neglect of the fluid flow component in the vertical direction or a crude treatment of the 2D fluid flow in the fracture as 1D flow in the vertical direction in the fracture-height calculation. This paper presents a height-growth model that adopts a flow field more representative of the actual 2D flow in a fracture. In this model, the fracture is divided into two regions: an inner region where the flow direction is nearly horizontal, and an outer region where the flow field is approximated by a radial flow from an imaginary source. The governing equations for determining height growth rate and the numerical method for solving these equations are described.
{"title":"Incorporation of 2D fluid flow into a pseudo-3D hydraulic fracturing simulator","authors":"X. Weng","doi":"10.2118/21849-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/21849-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudo 3D (P3D) hydraulic fracturing models often overpredict fracture height for a poorly contained fracture. This is caused partly by either the neglect of the fluid flow component in the vertical direction or a crude treatment of the 2D fluid flow in the fracture as 1D flow in the vertical direction in the fracture-height calculation. This paper presents a height-growth model that adopts a flow field more representative of the actual 2D flow in a fracture. In this model, the fracture is divided into two regions: an inner region where the flow direction is nearly horizontal, and an outer region where the flow field is approximated by a radial flow from an imaginary source. The governing equations for determining height growth rate and the numerical method for solving these equations are described.","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"331-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86380501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of corrosion and mechanical testing of welded high-nickel, corrosion-resistant-alloy (CRA)- lined pipes manufactured using various lining processes. The corrosion resistance of CRA-lined pipes for use as a flowline material in sour service was evaluated. The effects of the manufacturing process, CRA lining material, and welding on the corrosion performance of CRA-lined pipes also were determined
{"title":"Corrosion performance of welded CRA-lined pipes for flowlines","authors":"W. Chen, C. W. Petersen","doi":"10.2118/22501-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/22501-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of corrosion and mechanical testing of welded high-nickel, corrosion-resistant-alloy (CRA)- lined pipes manufactured using various lining processes. The corrosion resistance of CRA-lined pipes for use as a flowline material in sour service was evaluated. The effects of the manufacturing process, CRA lining material, and welding on the corrosion performance of CRA-lined pipes also were determined","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"375-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83092036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phase splitting occurs during gas/liquid two-phase flow through pipe junctions and causes a gas/liquid mass ratio in the outlet legs of the junction that is different from that at the inlet. In steamflood distribution networks, this results in different steam qualities at the outlets of a junction than at the inlet. This, in turn, results in a heat distribution not in accordance with the mass distribution in the outlets of the tee. Because heat management of a steamflood project is important for both economic incentives and ultimate recovery, phase splitting must be understood and controlled. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted on phase splitting of wet steam during annular flow through a horizontal 2-in
{"title":"Phase splitting of wet steam in annular flow through a horizontal impacting tee","authors":"Chien Sze-Foo, M. Rubel","doi":"10.2118/22764-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/22764-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Phase splitting occurs during gas/liquid two-phase flow through pipe junctions and causes a gas/liquid mass ratio in the outlet legs of the junction that is different from that at the inlet. In steamflood distribution networks, this results in different steam qualities at the outlets of a junction than at the inlet. This, in turn, results in a heat distribution not in accordance with the mass distribution in the outlets of the tee. Because heat management of a steamflood project is important for both economic incentives and ultimate recovery, phase splitting must be understood and controlled. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted on phase splitting of wet steam during annular flow through a horizontal 2-in","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"368-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77743993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on the concentrations of an oxidative breaker required to reduce significantly the proppant-pack permeability damage caused by aqueous hydraulic fracturing fluids. Long-term, proppant-pack permeability testing was used to evaluate linear and borate-crosslinked gels. Results indicate that increasing the breaker concentration can reduce proppant-pack permeability damage very effectively.
{"title":"Breaker concentrations required to improve the permeability of proppant packs damaged by concentrated linear and borate-crosslinked fracturing fluids","authors":"H. Brannon, R. Pulsinelli","doi":"10.2118/21583-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/21583-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the concentrations of an oxidative breaker required to reduce significantly the proppant-pack permeability damage caused by aqueous hydraulic fracturing fluids. Long-term, proppant-pack permeability testing was used to evaluate linear and borate-crosslinked gels. Results indicate that increasing the breaker concentration can reduce proppant-pack permeability damage very effectively.","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"338-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83662079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper elucidates the influence of pH and ion exchange on formation damage caused by fines migration. The experimental results affect waterflooding, design of drilling muds, and alkaline flooding. In-situ release of naturally existing fines (generally clays) results form change sin colloidal conditions of the permeating fluid. Such processes can cause extensive formation damage in sandstones, thereby reducing oil production. The authors' recent studies clearly indicate that the release process is started by a combination of high pH, leading to drastic permeability reductions. These results therefore provide new insight into the phenomenon of formation damage caused by water sensitivity or injection of incompatible brines. The authors also describe a unified approach to understanding these results and the findings of previous investigators.
{"title":"Fines migration and formation damage; Influence of pH and ion exchange","authors":"R. N. Valdya, H. Fogler","doi":"10.2118/19413-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/19413-PA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper elucidates the influence of pH and ion exchange on formation damage caused by fines migration. The experimental results affect waterflooding, design of drilling muds, and alkaline flooding. In-situ release of naturally existing fines (generally clays) results form change sin colloidal conditions of the permeating fluid. Such processes can cause extensive formation damage in sandstones, thereby reducing oil production. The authors' recent studies clearly indicate that the release process is started by a combination of high pH, leading to drastic permeability reductions. These results therefore provide new insight into the phenomenon of formation damage caused by water sensitivity or injection of incompatible brines. The authors also describe a unified approach to understanding these results and the findings of previous investigators.","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"325-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90412267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. A. Flanigan, James E. Stolhand, E. Shimoda, F. Skilbeck
Although the advantages of using hydrocyclones for oily water cleanup are well proven, their use has been limited to applications where adequate system feed pressure for satisfactory operation was present. To use hydrocyclones in low-pressure operations, research testing was undertaken to determine the most suitable pumping system. Successful field trials with a low-shear progressive cavity pump and a single-liner hydrocyclone were conducted in the U.S. These trials provided the basis for full-scale tests on the Hutton platform in the U.K. sector of the North Sea. These tests demonstrated the feasibility of using large, low-shear, progressive cavity pumps in conjunction with multitude hydrocyclone units
{"title":"Use of Low-Shear Pumps and Hydrocyclones for Improved Performance in the Cleanup of Low-Pressure Water","authors":"D. A. Flanigan, James E. Stolhand, E. Shimoda, F. Skilbeck","doi":"10.2118/19743-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/19743-PA","url":null,"abstract":"Although the advantages of using hydrocyclones for oily water cleanup are well proven, their use has been limited to applications where adequate system feed pressure for satisfactory operation was present. To use hydrocyclones in low-pressure operations, research testing was undertaken to determine the most suitable pumping system. Successful field trials with a low-shear progressive cavity pump and a single-liner hydrocyclone were conducted in the U.S. These trials provided the basis for full-scale tests on the Hutton platform in the U.K. sector of the North Sea. These tests demonstrated the feasibility of using large, low-shear, progressive cavity pumps in conjunction with multitude hydrocyclone units","PeriodicalId":22020,"journal":{"name":"Spe Production Engineering","volume":"56 1","pages":"295-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85247675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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