Wheat Varieties Resistance to the Biotic Stresses Generated by Diseases – Main Factor of Agro Ecological Economy

Abstract

For wheat crop, in 2013-2014 a comeback of resistant strains of extremely harmful diseases such as yellow rust ( Puccinia striiformis ) and fusarium ( Fusarium spp .) was observed. By preventing the absorption of solar energy and limiting  the yield, by average, with 30-40% for the untreated pesticide version, entropy in wheat increased significantly. Entropy increase was also supported by the necessity to double the number of treatments from 1-2, to 3-4 in this special years. Currently there are no plant protection products that can control the wheat pathogens 100%. Thermodynamic biosystem reconstruction can be achieved only by obtaining and using resistant or immune varieties to the whole complex of wheat diseases. In the wheat crops in Romania, we can meet at least 13 diseases that, together or separately, may cause 15% damages even under treatment, taking into account the phenomena of resistance. Entropy on the food chain plant – animal – human or directly plant – human can also be increased by induction of mycotoxins (DON) in useful productions, which are extremely dangerous for food safety. All these have significant economical and environmental negative effects.