Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi, Uzaktan Algılama ve İstatistik Yaklaşımlar Kullanarak Çok Kriterli Değerlendirme İle Erozyon Risk Belirlenmesi. Örnek Çalışma; Ankara-Güvenç Havzası

Abstract

Ozet Bu calismanin amaci, Ankara Guvenc Havzasi’nin cografi bilgi sistemi (CBS), uzaktan algilama (UA) ve istatistik yaklasimlar kullanarak cok kriterli degerlendirme ile erozyon risk sinifinin belirlenmesi ve haritalanmasidir. Calisma havzasi yaklasik 17.3 km² lik bir alani kapsamaktadir. Erozyon risk siniflarinin belirlenmesi amaciyla Havza’da toprak erozyonunun meydana gelmesinde yedi adet parametre (bunye, toprak derinligi, yagis, arazi kullanimi, yukseklik, egim ve bitki ortusu) ve bu parametrelere ait alt kriterler ele alinmistir. Parametrelere ait veriler icin calisma alaninin 1:25.000 olcekli sayisal temel toprak haritasi ve topografik harita ile arazi kullanimi-arazi ortusunun ve bitki ortusunun belirlenmesi amaciyla Landsat 7 uydu goruntusu kullanilmistir. Parametrelerin onceliklerinin belirlenmesinde Analitik Hiyerarsik Surec (AHS) teknigi, alt kriterlerin onceliklerinin belirlenmesinde ise Z-Skor istatistik analizi tekniginden yararlanilmistir. Nihai olarak ise dort siniftan olusan erozyon duyarlilik siniflarinin belirlenmesinde de dogrusal kombinasyon teknigi kullanilmistir. Elde edilen analiz sonuclarina gore havzanin  % 45’i cok siddetli erozyon riskini tasidigi belirlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Erozyon risk belirleme; Z-Skor; Analitik Hiyerarsik Surec; Dogrusal Kombinasyon Teknigi Determination of Soil Erosion Hazard with Integrated Multi-Criteria Assessment Using Remote Sensing, Geography Information System and Statistical Approaches; A Case Study in Ankara-Guvenc Basin Abstract: The main aim of this study is to determine erosion risk classes and to generate their map in Ankara Guvenc Basin using geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and statistical approaches with method of multi-criteria decision-making. This study basin covers about 17 km². In order to determine erosion risk classes, the seven criteria (structure, soil depth, precipitation, land use, elevation, slope and vegetation) which affect on the occurrence of soil erosion and their sub-criteria were determined.  1:25.000-scale digital soil map and topographic map were used. In addition to that, Landsat-7 satellite images were used to determine the land use and vegetation cover. Analytical Hierarchy Process technique was used to determine the priorities of the each criteria while, the Z-Score statistical analysis techniques was used to determine the priorities of the sub-criteria. Finally, Linear Combination Technique was used to determine classes of erosion risk classes. According to the obtained results, 45% of the basin area is identified as very severe erosion risk. Key Words: Determining erosion risk; Z-score; Analytical Hierarchy Process; Linear Combination Technique