Primerjava uporabe prostovoljnih geografskih informacij za spremljanje poplav in potresov

Abstract

Prostovoljne geografske informacije in zajemanje podatkov množic sta izraza, ki govorita o uporabi informacij z geografskim položajem, ki jih posredujejo neorganizirani prostovoljci s pomocjo razlicnih spletnih orodij. Na primeru poplav in potresov bomo prikazali desetletno tujo prakso uporabe tovrstnih podatkov. Tovrstne podatke raziskovalci vecinoma obravnavajo zgolj kot vhodni vir, ki pa je zelo uporaben pri kartiranju. Dobro priucene prostovoljce lahko obravnavamo kot »senzorje« in analitike. Kljub znatnemu povecanju stevila prostovoljcev, pa vprasanja uporabe tovrstnih podatkov ostajajo: kako vzpodbuditi dovolj veliko množico prostovoljcev, da bomo dobili zadovoljiv prikaz naravne nesrece, kako izlociti nepravilne podatke, kako upostevati avtorstvo podatkov in kako prepreciti izkljucenost tistih prostovoljcev, ki nimajo dostopa do spleta v casu nesrece. //   Volunteered geographic information and crowdsourcing are terms, which describe the use of information with a geographic description, provided by unorganized volunteers through various online tools. In the case of floods and earthquakes, a ten-year international practice of volunteered geographic information usage is presented. Such data are by professionals considered only as an input source, which is very useful for mapping. When trained, volunteers can be treated as sensors and analysts. Despite the significant increase in the number of volunteers, open issues of such data usage remain: how to animate enough volunteers to get a satisfactory display of a natural disaster, how to exclude incorrect data, how to take into account the authorship of the data, and how to prevent the exclusion of those volunteers, which do not have access to the internet at the time of the accident.