Онтогенез и дизонтогенез микробиоты кишечника у детей раннего возраста: триггерный механизм нарушений детского здоровья

Abstract

The article analyzes the studies of the formation and development of the gut microflora (microbiota) in children and its pathogenetic role. The stages of colonization of the infant’s intestine and the interaction mechanisms between the child’s and mother’s microbiotas are described. The relationship between the formation dynamics of the child's microbiota and the nature of feeding is shown; a sanogenetic role of breastfeeding in relation to the infant’s microflora is noted. The connection of qualitative and quantitative microbiota characteristics with delayed risks of development of metabolic and allergic diseases is described. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the effect of antibiotics on the formation of microbiota, including in preterm infants. The article describes current approaches to the correction of the gut microbiota disorders with probiotic preparations and substantiates the methods for choosing probiotics. One of these preparations is a probiotic registered in Russia and containing B. lactis BB-12 and S. thermophilus, which is successfully used to correct dysbiosis in newborn infants, including in preterm infants.