An Overview on the Application of Nanodiagnostics in Cancer

Kavita Gala, Ekta Khattar
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Abstract

In the battle against cancer, timely diagnosis is critical for successful treatment. The major limitation in detecting cancer at early development stages is the unavailability of sensitive and specific detection methods. Nanobiology combines biology with physics and chemistry to generate several new areas such as nanodiagnostics and nanotheranostics. Nanodiagnostics involve the development of new strategies and innovations to enhance the current detection methods in tumor biology. Another important aspect of nanodiagnostics is to improve personalized cancer detection and real-time monitoring of treatments assisted by imaging modalities. Nanotheranostics combines therapy and diagnosis in a single model for cancer detection and treatment thus providing the advantage of targeted drug delivery and fewer side effects to normal tissues. In this review, we have outlined diverse nanoparticle systems for early cancer detection and therapy. A wide variety of nanomaterial-based approaches such as nanobubbles, quantum dots, liposomes, or nanotubes demonstrate huge potential in improving imaging methods to screen and monitor cancer progression. Although a significant amount of contributions have been directed to develop nanodiagnostics systems, they are still at preclinical stage. Thus, it is a dynamic area for research with encouraging development towards the clinical stage.
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纳米诊断技术在癌症中的应用综述
在与癌症的斗争中,及时诊断是成功治疗的关键。在早期发展阶段检测癌症的主要限制是缺乏敏感和特异性的检测方法。纳米生物学将生物学与物理学和化学相结合,产生了纳米诊断学和纳米肿瘤学等几个新领域。纳米诊断涉及新的策略和创新的发展,以提高目前的检测方法在肿瘤生物学。纳米诊断的另一个重要方面是提高个性化的癌症检测和实时监测治疗辅助成像模式。纳米肿瘤学将治疗和诊断结合在一个单一的癌症检测和治疗模型中,从而提供靶向药物输送的优势和对正常组织的副作用较少。在这篇综述中,我们概述了各种用于早期癌症检测和治疗的纳米颗粒系统。各种基于纳米材料的方法,如纳米气泡、量子点、脂质体或纳米管,在改进成像方法以筛查和监测癌症进展方面显示出巨大的潜力。尽管在纳米诊断系统的开发上做出了很大的贡献,但它们仍处于临床前阶段。因此,这是一个充满活力的研究领域,鼓励临床阶段的发展。
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