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A case of COVID-19 triggered Rhino-Orbital Pulmonary Mucormycosis in Central India 印度中部一例COVID-19引发的鼻-眶肺毛霉菌病
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_8_21
Chandra Singh Rathore, Shirin Ansari, T. Bajpai
Mucormycosis is a rare but fatal, invasive opportunistic fungal infection generally described among immunocompromised individuals. The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has severely compromised the immune system of patients thereby making them vulnerable to mucormycosis, especially when they are lined up with associated comorbidities. Here, we present a case of one such 64-year-old male patient being on corticosteroids and a case of long-standing diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. COVID-19 triggered the mucormycosis in this patient thereby leading to a condition we have described as rhino-orbital pulmonary mucormycosis.
毛霉病是一种罕见但致命的侵袭性机会性真菌感染,通常发生在免疫功能低下的个体中。由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2引起的持续大流行冠状病毒病-19 (COVID-19)严重损害了患者的免疫系统,从而使他们容易感染毛霉菌病,特别是当他们伴有相关合并症时。在这里,我们提出一个这样的病例,64岁的男性患者正在使用皮质类固醇和一个长期糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病的病例。COVID-19引发了该患者的毛霉菌病,从而导致了我们所描述的鼻-眶肺毛霉菌病。
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引用次数: 4
Clinical governance in radiologic practice: Evaluating the appropriateness of radiologic investigation considering patient clinical information using the radiology request form 放射学实践中的临床治理:利用放射学申请表考虑患者临床信息,评估放射学调查的适当性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_19_20
E. Robinson, Olukumni Ijeruh, W. Wonodi, Rufus Abam
Introduction: Clinical governance in radiology is an improved quality assurance program where the patient well-being is the central focus concerning radiologic service using the radiology request form (RRF). Methodology: The study was a 6-month descriptive study conducted from January 2020 to June 2020. A total of 2053 request forms were collated retrospectively and evaluated to ascertain the appropriateness of the clinical information with the investigation requested. A 3 stage Likert scale of appropriate somewhat appropriate and inappropriate was used and the data analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) IBM Corp. version 23.0 (Armonk, NY: USA). The results were expressed in percentages and frequencies and presented in tables and charts. Results: Of the 2053 request forms, X-rays constitute 32.54% while ultrasound scans and computed tomography (CT) investigations constitute 43.21% and 5.46%, respectively. Clinical information was indicated in 51.39% of the RRF, out of which 75.95% of the clinical information were adequate while 13.93% were not in keeping with the investigation. Ultrasound scan request had the highest inappropriate clinical information (54.68%) followed by plain radiography request (41.73%) whereas all the CT request was in tandem with the investigation. Conclusion: There are occasional clinical information and radiologic request mismatch. This may be due to the filling of the RRF by medical interns or nonmedical personnel such as allied health workers with less knowledge on radiologic imaging modalities. The audit recommends proper supervision of young clinicians and continues medical education concerning the rational use of imaging modality.
简介:放射学的临床管理是一个改进的质量保证计划,其中患者的福祉是使用放射学申请表(RRF)的放射服务的中心焦点。方法:该研究是一项为期6个月的描述性研究,于2020年1月至2020年6月进行。回顾性整理和评估共2053份申请表,以确定临床信息与所要求的调查的适当性。使用适当和不适当的3阶段李克特量表,并使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS) IBM Corp. version 23.0 (Armonk, NY: USA)对数据进行分析。结果以百分比和频率表示,并以表格和图表形式呈现。结果:2053份申请单中,x线占32.54%,超声和CT检查分别占43.21%和5.46%。51.39%的RRF有临床信息,其中75.95%的临床信息是充分的,13.93%的临床信息与调查不一致。超声扫描请求中临床信息不恰当的比例最高(54.68%),其次是x线平片请求(41.73%),而所有CT请求均与调查一致。结论:偶有临床资料与影像学要求不匹配的情况。这可能是由于填补RRF的是医疗实习生或非医疗人员,如对放射成像模式了解较少的专职卫生工作者。审计建议对年轻临床医生进行适当监督,并继续进行有关合理使用成像方式的医学教育。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of different thermal change tests of micro tensile strength behavior bio-composite materials; In vitro study 不同热变化试验对生物复合材料微拉伸强度行为的影响体外研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_6_21
E. Yilmaz, R. Sadeler
Background: The thermal changes in environments that composite materials are exposed to has a great effect on fatigue and wear behavior. Aim: Micro-cracks and interfacial deformations occur in the composite material structure because of heating and cooling environments occurring on material surfaces. Considering the environment to which bio-composite materials used in the human body are exposed, it is inevitable that they are exposed to a thermal change cycle environment. Material and Method: In this study, the mechanical behaviors of Silorane, X-Trafil and Valux-Plus bio-composite materials were examined after being exposed to thermal cycles in an artificial mouth environment in the temperature range of minimum 5 °C and maximum 65 °C. Micro-tensile strengths of bio-composite materials after thermal cycle test procedures were determined using a universal micro tensile tester device. In addition, microstructural analyzes of bio-composite materials were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Within the scope of the data obtained as a result of this study, it was concluded that the thermal changes in environments significantly affects the micro-shrinkage behavior of bio-composite materials. Conclusion: The behavior of the matrix structure of the composite material significantly affected the formation of micro cracks.
背景:复合材料所处环境的热变化对其疲劳磨损性能有很大影响。目的:由于材料表面的加热和冷却环境,复合材料结构中会产生微裂纹和界面变形。考虑到人体使用的生物复合材料所处的环境,其所处的热变化循环环境是不可避免的。材料与方法:本研究对Silorane、X-Trafil和Valux-Plus生物复合材料在最低5℃和最高65℃的人工口腔环境中进行热循环后的力学行为进行了研究。采用通用微拉伸试验装置测定热循环试验程序后生物复合材料的微拉伸强度。此外,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对生物复合材料的微观结构进行了分析。结果:在本研究获得的数据范围内,得出环境的热变化对生物复合材料的微收缩行为有显著影响的结论。结论:复合材料的基体组织行为对微裂纹的形成有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
The outcomes of fetal cell microchimerism in the mother 母体胎儿细胞微嵌合的结果
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_9_21
A. Alekar
The presence of small quantities of genetically heterogeneous cells in an organism is known as microchimerism. Fetal microchimerism is the presence of small quantities of fetal cells in the maternal system during and after pregnancy. Since these cells are semi-allogeneic in the mother's body, they have an impact on the mother's health. Recent studies suggest contradictory outcomes. Some suggest an involvement in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Others suggest involvement in tissue repair and wound healing. Fetal cells have been detected in maternal organs decades after pregnancy. It was found that these cells participate in the healing process post a chronic injury. In other cases, these cells initiate an immune response which may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. Further, studies show that fetal cells have been discovered in the tumor microenvironment, either aiding in cancer development or eradicating the cancer cells. Here, I review the different outcomes that can occur in the female body because of fetal cell microchimerism. I discuss the presence of fetal cells in maternal organs such as the heart and the central nervous system organs and their involvement in disease development and tissue repair in the mother.
在生物体中存在少量的基因异质细胞被称为微嵌合。胎儿微嵌合是指在怀孕期间和怀孕后母体系统中存在少量胎儿细胞。由于这些细胞在母亲体内是半同种异体的,它们对母亲的健康有影响。最近的研究显示出相互矛盾的结果。一些人认为它与自身免疫性疾病和癌症有关。也有人认为与组织修复和伤口愈合有关。怀孕几十年后,在母体器官中检测到胎儿细胞。研究发现,这些细胞参与慢性损伤后的愈合过程。在其他情况下,这些细胞启动免疫反应,可能导致自身免疫性疾病的发展。此外,研究表明,胎儿细胞已经在肿瘤微环境中被发现,要么帮助癌症发展,要么根除癌细胞。在这里,我回顾了胎儿细胞微嵌合在女性体内可能发生的不同结果。我讨论了胎儿细胞在母体器官如心脏和中枢神经系统器官中的存在,以及它们在母体疾病发展和组织修复中的参与。
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引用次数: 0
Is three-parent IVF the answer to preventing mitochondrial defects? 三亲体外受精是预防线粒体缺陷的答案吗?
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_10_21
Shloka Shetty
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as its name implies, is an embodiment of the mitochondrial genetic information that constitutes about 1% of the mammalian genome. It fills a vital niche in tracing matrilineality; the mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother and plays a crucial role in genealogical research. Even a single mutation in the mtDNA can have debilitating and life-altering consequences. Mothers carrying mtDNA mutations will inevitably pass it on to the future generation. Three-parent In vitro fertilization (IVF), a breakthrough technique, shows promising potential to prevent mothers with mtDNA defects from passing it on to their future generation, while also maintaining the genetic link to their posterity. In this review, I delve into the intricacies of this technique, compare and analyze the difference between maternal spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer, discuss the prospective therapeutic effects, and highlight the ethical concerns surrounding this procedure. Considering the various challenges and ethics of this contentious technique, the paper seeks to answer the rousing question – Is three-parent IVF the answer to preventing mitochondrial defects?
线粒体DNA (mtDNA),顾名思义,是构成哺乳动物基因组约1%的线粒体遗传信息的体现。它填补了追踪母系关系的重要空白;mtDNA完全遗传自母亲,在家谱研究中起着至关重要的作用。即使是mtDNA的一个突变也会导致衰弱和改变生活的后果。携带mtDNA突变的母亲将不可避免地将其传给下一代。三亲体外受精(IVF)是一项突破性技术,显示出防止mtDNA缺陷母亲将其遗传给下一代的巨大潜力,同时也保持了与后代的遗传联系。在这篇综述中,我深入研究了这一技术的复杂性,比较和分析了母体纺锤体移植和原核移植的区别,讨论了预期的治疗效果,并强调了围绕这一过程的伦理问题。考虑到这种有争议的技术的各种挑战和伦理,本文试图回答一个令人振奋的问题——三亲体外受精是预防线粒体缺陷的答案吗?
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引用次数: 0
An Overview on the Application of Nanodiagnostics in Cancer 纳米诊断技术在癌症中的应用综述
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_14_20
Kavita Gala, Ekta Khattar
In the battle against cancer, timely diagnosis is critical for successful treatment. The major limitation in detecting cancer at early development stages is the unavailability of sensitive and specific detection methods. Nanobiology combines biology with physics and chemistry to generate several new areas such as nanodiagnostics and nanotheranostics. Nanodiagnostics involve the development of new strategies and innovations to enhance the current detection methods in tumor biology. Another important aspect of nanodiagnostics is to improve personalized cancer detection and real-time monitoring of treatments assisted by imaging modalities. Nanotheranostics combines therapy and diagnosis in a single model for cancer detection and treatment thus providing the advantage of targeted drug delivery and fewer side effects to normal tissues. In this review, we have outlined diverse nanoparticle systems for early cancer detection and therapy. A wide variety of nanomaterial-based approaches such as nanobubbles, quantum dots, liposomes, or nanotubes demonstrate huge potential in improving imaging methods to screen and monitor cancer progression. Although a significant amount of contributions have been directed to develop nanodiagnostics systems, they are still at preclinical stage. Thus, it is a dynamic area for research with encouraging development towards the clinical stage.
在与癌症的斗争中,及时诊断是成功治疗的关键。在早期发展阶段检测癌症的主要限制是缺乏敏感和特异性的检测方法。纳米生物学将生物学与物理学和化学相结合,产生了纳米诊断学和纳米肿瘤学等几个新领域。纳米诊断涉及新的策略和创新的发展,以提高目前的检测方法在肿瘤生物学。纳米诊断的另一个重要方面是提高个性化的癌症检测和实时监测治疗辅助成像模式。纳米肿瘤学将治疗和诊断结合在一个单一的癌症检测和治疗模型中,从而提供靶向药物输送的优势和对正常组织的副作用较少。在这篇综述中,我们概述了各种用于早期癌症检测和治疗的纳米颗粒系统。各种基于纳米材料的方法,如纳米气泡、量子点、脂质体或纳米管,在改进成像方法以筛查和监测癌症进展方面显示出巨大的潜力。尽管在纳米诊断系统的开发上做出了很大的贡献,但它们仍处于临床前阶段。因此,这是一个充满活力的研究领域,鼓励临床阶段的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Remdesivir and Dexamethasone: The Two Eligible Candidate Drugs Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection 瑞德西韦和地塞米松:两种抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)感染的候选药物
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.4103/BMRJ.BMRJ_10_20
Y. Sikandar, Ilora Kheya, R. Noor
Lots of research based on drug designing as well as in silico study, cell culture/animal model study, and the clinical trials are being conducted perceive the suitable therapeutic drugs and to develop vaccines in order to alleviate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although there are still no vaccines, some potential antiviral drugs have been repurposed including remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin, favipiravir, cepharanthine, and lopinavir/ritonavir, of which remdesivir has been mostly accepted for the treatment purpose because of its multitarget actions. Besides, the immunosuppressive agent, dexamethasone, evolved with the capacity to protect the severely affected COVID-19 patients from death to some extent. The current review, thus, emphasized on both remdesivir and dexamethasone as the successful remedies for the ongoing pandemic and detected the possible mode of action of dexamethasone.
为了缓解由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒引起的COVID-19大流行,正在进行大量基于药物设计、计算机研究、细胞培养/动物模型研究和临床试验的研究,以寻找合适的治疗药物和开发疫苗2。虽然目前还没有疫苗,但一些潜在的抗病毒药物已被重新利用,包括瑞德西韦、氯喹/羟氯喹、利巴韦林、法匹拉韦、头孢anthine和洛匹那韦/利托那韦,其中瑞德西韦因其多靶点作用而被广泛接受用于治疗目的。此外,免疫抑制剂地塞米松也在进化,在一定程度上保护了COVID-19重症患者的死亡。因此,目前的审查强调瑞德西韦和地塞米松是目前大流行的成功补救措施,并发现了地塞米松可能的作用方式。
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引用次数: 5
Doctors' Perception of Assisted Death: The Effect of Career Stage 医生对协助死亡的认知:职业阶段的影响
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.4103/BMRJ.BMRJ_11_20
Smitha S. Bhat
Introduction: Doctors' role in care is changing to the extent that their responsibility now includes not only preserving life and its quality but extends to end of life care as well. Patients -are now asking for more autonomy in choosing the how and when of end of life care and processes. Doctors have different opinions regarding these methods of assisted death , and these opinions are determined by various personal and professional factors. Indian literature regarding the influence of career stage on doctors' approach to assisted death is scanty and our project aimed to assess this influence, as well as find the reasons for favouring or not favouing the various modalities of assisted death. Materials and Methods: In this study, a prevalidated, piloted questionnaire regarding the different types of assisted death was administered by the interviewer to professors, associate professors, assistant professors, senior residents and post graduate residents of a medical college. Results: Post graduate residents, senior residents and Assistant professors opined that Legalization of DNR, Physician assisted suicide and euthanasia might be acceptable under certain circumstances. Reasons for favouring assisted death included medical futility and patient suffering. Those who opposed assisted death did so on the grounds of medical ethics and humanity. Conclusion: Junior cadres tended to be more accepting of assisted death than their more senior colleagues.
医生在护理中的角色正在发生变化,他们的责任现在不仅包括保存生命及其质量,而且延伸到生命结束的护理。病人们现在要求在选择临终关怀的方式和时间方面有更多的自主权。医生对这些辅助死亡的方式有不同的看法,这些看法是由各种个人和职业因素决定的。关于职业阶段对医生辅助死亡方法的影响的印度文献很少,我们的项目旨在评估这种影响,并找到赞成或不赞成各种辅助死亡方式的原因。材料与方法:在本研究中,由访谈者对一所医学院的教授、副教授、助理教授、老年住院医师和研究生住院医师进行问卷调查,问卷内容涉及不同类型的协助死亡。结果:住院医师研究生、老年住院医师和助理教授认为,在一定情况下,可以接受非嘱嘱、医师协助自杀和安乐死的合法化。赞成协助死亡的原因包括医疗无效和病人痛苦。那些反对协助死亡的人这样做是基于医学伦理和人道主义。结论:初级干部对协助死亡的接受程度高于高级干部。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19 COVID-19单克隆抗体的治疗用途
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_15_20
Tarun Kumar Suvvari
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引用次数: 2
Erratum: Molecular Docking Study for Evaluation of Neuroprotective Potential of Sericin against Cerebral Stroke and Exploring Its Biomaterial Properties 对丝胶蛋白抗脑卒中神经保护潜能的分子对接研究及其生物材料特性的探索
Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.4103/2349-3666.305772
{"title":"Erratum: Molecular Docking Study for Evaluation of Neuroprotective Potential of Sericin against Cerebral Stroke and Exploring Its Biomaterial Properties","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/2349-3666.305772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2349-3666.305772","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34293,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"62 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73404503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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