Effect of Gestational Exposure to Monosodium Glutamate on the Structure of Fetal Rat Lung

Abstract

Lung diseases represent one of the leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The problem is expected to be worse in the future [1]. This necessitates investigating the possible environmental factors, habits and food types that might be engaged in pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases, particularly during the fetal life. This of particular importance as many drugs and substances taken by (or given to) the pregnant mothers can cross the placental barrier to affect their fetuses [2]. One of such substances is monosodium glutamate (MSG) that might affect the lungs of fetal mice after exposure of their mothers to it [3]. Various developmental changes in the animals’ offspring tissues might occur following MSG treatment [4]. Moreover, the administration of MSG in high concentrations for long period of time triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) coupled with impaired oxidant/ antioxidant balance leading to a state of oxidative stress [5]. The lung is more susceptible to oxidative injury than any other organ in the body because of constant exposure to air that might contain toxic particles or oxidant gases such as nitrogen oxide or ozone [6]. MSG is a well-known flavor enhancer used by both Western and Eastern populations. It is responsible for the delicious taste; and it is incorporated into a large number of solid and liquid foods. Experimental studies have established that the added MSG in foods influences palatability and preference [7]. Nowadays, MSG is commonly sold in the Egyptian supermarkets. Many Egyptians consume MSG in both ready and home-made foods, almost daily [8].