Was John B. Watson Inspired by Anna Wyczółkowska and Her Studies in the Mechanism of Speech?

C. Domański
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Abstract

In 1913, an article by Anna Wyczółkowska entitled Theoretical and experimental studies in the mechanism of speech was published in the Psychological Review. It contains the results of her studies on internal speech and thought, which had been carried out by the author seven years earlier, in the psychological laboratory of the University of Chicago. John B. Watson was a participant in the study. Wyczółkowska believed that Watson was inspired by her research. Thanks to his participation, he gradually began to move away from his original interest in animal psychology, towards behaviourism. In his Behaviorist Manifesto published in the same year, Watson took, as one of the arguments for the rightness of his programme, the assumption that the thought process is really motor habits in the larynx, improvements, short cuts, changes, etc. According to Wyczółkowska, it was obviously inspired by her research. Her aforementioned article is still cited in the psychological literature today, and belongs to the canon of the most important early experimental studies in the field of research on thinking and speech processes. This text discusses the relationship between the research conducted by Wyczółkowska and some assumptions of behaviourism. Furthermore it presents the story of Wyczółkowska’s life, her scientific work, social commitment to women’s university education, and activities in the Polish American community.
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约翰·b·沃森是受到安娜Wyczółkowska及其言语机制研究的启发吗?
1913年,Anna Wyczółkowska在《心理学评论》上发表了一篇题为《言语机制的理论与实验研究》的文章。它包含了作者七年前在芝加哥大学心理实验室进行的关于内部言语和思想的研究结果。John B. Watson是这项研究的参与者之一。Wyczółkowska认为沃森受到了她的研究的启发。由于他的参与,他逐渐开始从最初对动物心理学的兴趣转向行为主义。在同年出版的《行为主义宣言》(Behaviorist Manifesto)中,沃森将思维过程实际上是喉部的运动习惯、改进、捷径、变化等假设作为其程序正确性的论据之一。根据Wyczółkowska的说法,这显然是受到了她研究的启发。她的上述文章至今仍在心理学文献中被引用,并且属于思维和言语过程研究领域最重要的早期实验研究的经典。本文讨论了Wyczółkowska进行的研究与行为主义的一些假设之间的关系。此外,它还介绍了Wyczółkowska的生活故事,她的科学工作,对女子大学教育的社会承诺,以及在波兰裔美国人社区的活动。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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