Current Trends and Controversies on Female Genitourinary Fistula: A Review Article

Abstract

Female genitourinary fistula (FGF) is an atypical connection between the female genitourinary system and the urinary tract. The abovementioned issue presents a dire public health concern and significantly affects the affected individuals’ quality of life. The classification of fistulae arising from the genitourinary tract encompasses a range of types, including vesicovaginal (VVF), rectovaginal (RVF), uterovesical (UVF), and urinary fistula, with the particular manifestation dependent upon the site of perforation. The development of consistent guidelines for FGF care poses a challenge due to the variability of clinical conditions. The selection of an appropriate treatment protocol is contingent upon the surgeon conducting the treatment and the resources at their disposal. In the medical field, it is advisable for surgeons to contemplate implementing conservative treatment methods, particularly in patients thoroughly assessed and deemed suitable for this approach. Delayed repair of FGF results in superior outcomes compared to early repair. The transvaginal repair approach is favored due to its advantageous features. Anticholinergic pharmacotherapeutics may be employed during the postoperative phase to enhance the therapeutic course of the bladder. Healthcare providers can refer their patients to a tertiary care facility with advanced resources and specialized expertise, provided the necessary facilities are available. Surgeons undergoing training and adapting to emerging trends are advised to enhance their proficiency in repairing vesicovaginal fistula (VVF).