UTILIZATION OF ROSMARIN LEAF OIL (Rosmarinus officinalis L) ON Culex Quinquefasciatus MOSQUITO LARVA AS A FILARIASIS VECTOR (ELEPHANT FOOT DISEASE)

Abstract

Elephantiasis (filariasis / elephantiasis) is still endemic in hundreds of districts in Indonesia and has become a health problem for the world community in accordance with the resolution of the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1997. This is caused by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes as one of many filariasis vectors found in urban areas (Gandahusada et al., 1998), while the number of filariasis chronic cases reported until 2009 was 11,914 cases. Filariasis / elephantiasisi is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worm infection transmitted by various types of mosquitoes in the lymph nodes, this disease is chronic (chronic) and if it does not get treatment can cause permanent disability in the form of enlargement of the legs, arms and genitals both women and men man. Rosmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a multifunctional plant in Indonesia especially abroad, one of its benefits is as larvicides. Because rosmarin has a chemical compound, one of them is essential oil which has larvicidal effectiveness on Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae as vector filariasis (elephantiasis) Essential oil was obtained by distillation of fresh rosmarin leaves, then each extract was made with 1000 ppm stock solution and then made 6 series of concentration of 12.5 ppm to 300 ppm then tested on 20 larvae of instar III Culex quinquefasciatus, Observations were made after 24 hours and calculated LC90 uses an analysis of the orbit. The results obtained were only essential oils of Rosmarin leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) which had larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae, with LC90 182,9756 ppm.