Experimental study of the ion thermalization at a Z-pinch at stagnation

D. Osin, E. Kroupp, A. Starobinets, V. Fisher, V. Bernshtam, Y. Maron, I. Uschmann, E. Foerster, A. Fisher, B. Jones, P. Lepell, M. Cuneo, C. Deeney
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Abstract

Summary form only given. The time-history of the ion-kinetic energy Ek ion throughout the stagnation phase of a neon-puff, 500 ns, 600 kA, Z-pinch implosion was determined. The X-ray spectroscopic system provides a resolving power of 6700 and four consecutive time gated (~1 ns) spectra. A simultaneous axial imaging allows for studying the ion kinetic energy at 0.1-mm-resolution along the pinch column. Ek ion in the stagnating plasma is obtained from the Doppler contribution to the line shapes of the Lyalpha satellites, verified to be optically thin. The line shapes give the ion velocity distribution just before stagnation (non Gaussian) and throughout the 10-ns-long stagnation (Gaussian-like). Ek ion was found to be sime12 keV early at stagnation, dropping down during the stagnation to the electron thermal energy (sime300 eV). The time scale of ion-kinetic energy loss is longer (cong2 ns) than expected from the ion and electron collisional thermalization time (cong0.1 ns). A plausible explanation of the data is that upon reaching the pinch axis, the stagnating plasma develops a turbulent flow, in which most of the implosion energy is stored. The turbulent motion then dissipates into ion heat more slowly than the ion-electron energy equilibration time, which causes Tion to be low, resulting in a slowing down of the ion energy transfer to electrons and to radiation. Detailed study of the experimental line shapes is used to examine this explanation. Axially-resolved measurements of the time-dependent stagnating-plasma properties, and the absolute total neon K radiation show that, within the experimental uncertainties, the observed total ion-kinetic energy accounts for the total radiation emitted from this plasma. These findings, and assuming the explanation given above, can be used to discriminate between the thermal and the turbulent ion kinetic energies throughout the stagnation. Results on the thus-inferred Tion will be presented. Comparisons will be made to implosion velocities and time-resolved line-widths observed in wire-array implosions on the Z machine.
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停滞时z箍缩离子热化的实验研究
只提供摘要形式。测定了500 ns、600 kA、z箍缩内爆过程中离子动能Ek离子在停滞期的时程。x射线光谱系统提供6700的分辨能力和4个连续的时间门控(~ 1ns)光谱。同时轴向成像允许沿夹柱研究0.1 mm分辨率的离子动能。停滞等离子体中的Ek离子是由Lyalpha卫星的谱线形状的多普勒贡献得到的,被证实是光学薄的。线形给出了在停滞(非高斯)之前和整个10ns长的停滞(类高斯)期间的离子速度分布。在停滞初期发现Ek离子为sime12 keV,在停滞期间下降到电子热能(sime300 eV)。离子动能损失的时间尺度比离子与电子碰撞热化时间(0.1 ns)的预测要长(约2 ns)。对这些数据的一种合理解释是,在到达捏轴时,停滞的等离子体形成湍流,其中大部分内爆能量被储存起来。然后,湍流运动耗散成离子热的速度比离子-电子能量平衡时间慢,这导致离子能量较低,导致离子能量转移到电子和辐射的速度减慢。对实验线形状的详细研究用于检验这一解释。轴向分辨测量时间依赖的停滞等离子体特性,以及绝对总氖K辐射表明,在实验不确定度范围内,观察到的总离子动能可以解释等离子体发射的总辐射。这些发现,并假设上述解释,可以用来区分热和湍流离子动能在整个停滞。本文将介绍由此推断的Tion的结果。将比较在Z机器上观察到的线阵内爆速度和时间分辨线宽。
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