Mechanisms of macro-, micro- and ultramicroscopic transformation of bodies in diabetes

Abstract

The study of structural changes of organs and tissues in the context of diabetes is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. According to WHO, in all countries of the world the number of patients with diabetes exceeds 175 million. According to an expert estimate of the spread of this disease by 2025 will make about 300 million people. More than 1 million people with diabetes have been officially registered in Ukraine. WHO has recognized the disease as a non-communicable epidemic. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes requires a detailed study of this problem. It is established that the prevalence of diabetes increases among the population of the countries of the world depending on the region, the level of economic development of the country, gender and age. Thus, according to IDF findings, there is a tendency for the highest prevalence of diabetes among the urban (urban) able-bodied population of developing countries in persons between 40 and 59 years of age, approximately equal in both male and female. The number of patients is increasing, mainly due to patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes mellitus) is a severe progressive chronic disease that is an independent risk factor for heart failure (CH) and cardiovascular complications. In the XXI century. the steady growth of type 2 diabetes and the frequency of its serious consequences is of great concern to the world medical community. It is important that at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of complications leading to a decline in quality of life, early disability and premature death is already high enough. Despite the presence in the fight against this disease effective drugs, modern technologies, new educational and preventive techniques, mankind loses the fight against diabetes year after year, which leads to disability due to its complications, reducing the life expectancy and quality of life of patients, loss working capacity and premature mortality. Thus, the current prevalence and incidence of diabetes and life-threatening complications suggest that there is a non-communicable diabetes epidemic in the world and in Ukraine in particular. The article represents analysis of work of numerous researchers who studied statistіcal, clinical and morphological aspects of the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular system. Main morphogenetic, morphological and clinical aspects of complications of diabetes, pathologies of microcirculation of patients with diabetes were dedicated, what makes possible to predict and detect on the early stages vascular complications in diabetes and to perform effective prevention and treatment.