Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.73-78
R. Chyzhma, A. Nykolenko, A. Piddubnyi, R. Moskalenko
Background. Ovarian cancer is a very important pathology of the female reproductive system and tends to increase in incidence and mortality rates around the world. Despite the fact that ovarian cancer prevalence is lower than that of breast and cervical cancer, its mortality rate is three times higher. Aim. To analyze the incidence of ovarian cancer in the female population of Ukraine and the Sumy region in 2014–2018. Methods. Data from the National Cancer Register of Ukraine were used for this work. A statistical analysis of the incidence rates of ovarian cancer in the population of Ukraine and Sumy region was carried out. Results. The highest incidence of ovarian cancer in the Sumy region was detected in 2018 (12.5 cases per 100,000 women), and the lowest - in 2017 (10.4 cases per 100,000 women). This pathology occurs most often in women 60-79 years old. 91% of the tumors were epithelial-stromal tumors, of which 75% were serous ovarian adenocarcinomas. Ovarian cancer in most cases was diagnosed at the third stage of the disease (47% of cases), which indicates a low level of early diagnosis of this tumor. Conclusion. In the Sumy region, a high incidence rate of ovarian cancer was revealed, which exceeds the national one and has a significant age dependence. Serous ovarian adenocarcinoma is the most common type of ovarian cancer. This pathology is diagnosed mainly at the 3rd stage.
{"title":"Analysis of the malignant ovarian tumors incidence in the Sumy region in 2014-2018.","authors":"R. Chyzhma, A. Nykolenko, A. Piddubnyi, R. Moskalenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.73-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.73-78","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Ovarian cancer is a very important pathology of the female reproductive system and tends to increase in incidence and mortality rates around the world. Despite the fact that ovarian cancer prevalence is lower than that of breast and cervical cancer, its mortality rate is three times higher. Aim. To analyze the incidence of ovarian cancer in the female population of Ukraine and the Sumy region in 2014–2018. Methods. Data from the National Cancer Register of Ukraine were used for this work. A statistical analysis of the incidence rates of ovarian cancer in the population of Ukraine and Sumy region was carried out. Results. The highest incidence of ovarian cancer in the Sumy region was detected in 2018 (12.5 cases per 100,000 women), and the lowest - in 2017 (10.4 cases per 100,000 women). This pathology occurs most often in women 60-79 years old. 91% of the tumors were epithelial-stromal tumors, of which 75% were serous ovarian adenocarcinomas. Ovarian cancer in most cases was diagnosed at the third stage of the disease (47% of cases), which indicates a low level of early diagnosis of this tumor. Conclusion. In the Sumy region, a high incidence rate of ovarian cancer was revealed, which exceeds the national one and has a significant age dependence. Serous ovarian adenocarcinoma is the most common type of ovarian cancer. This pathology is diagnosed mainly at the 3rd stage.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74750185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.60-66
A. Kondrat, O. Zhurakivska
Background. Diabetes mellitus is an acute medical and social problem in all parts of the world due to the constant increase in the incidence of the disease, severe complications, disability and high mortality. Hyperglycemia leads to oxidative stress and increased processes of formation of active oxygen species, which in turn make a significant contribution to the development of male infertility. Objective. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish morphological changes in the vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory flow and testicular sustentocytes of adult rats with experimental streptozotocin diabetes mellitus (SDM). Methods. The material for the study were the testicles of 20 sexually mature 6-month-old rats (weighing 150-180 g). SDM in animals of the experimental group was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer solution with a pH of 4.5) at a dose of 6 mg per 100 g of mass. An equivalent dose of 0.1 M citrate buffer was injected intraperitoneally to animals of the control group. Histological, electron microscopic, biochemical, morphometric and statistical research methods were used. Results. It was found that in the early stages of SDM (28th day) on the background of hyperglycemia in the hemomicrocirculatory flow of the testes there is a spasm of the vessels of the afferent link, which is confirmed by a decrease in the lumen of arterioles and an increase in their Wagenworth index. On the 70th day of SDM on the background of elevated levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the links of the hemomicrocirculatory flow of the testis there are signs of diabetic microangiopathy, manifested by: hemorheological disorders in micro-hemo-vessels, (erythrocyte sludge, adhesion of erythrocytes and platelets, microclasmatosis), decrease in the capacity of arterioles and capillaries (increase in the Wagenworth index, respectively by 1.8 and 1.9 times), microclasmatosis, thickening and proliferation of the basement membrane of capillaries. Against the background of diabetic microangiopathy, there is a decrease in the number of sustentocytes by 0.01 mm2 of testicular parenchyma by 1.8 times, compared with control indicators, the area of their profile increases by 2.2 times (in all cases p<0.05). The nucleolar areas probably do not change, which leads to an increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio by 2.9 times (p<0.05). Such morphometric changes of sustentocytes are caused by development of vacuolar hydropic dystrophies in them, and an apoptosis that is confirmed by data of histo-ultrastructural studies. Changes in sustentocytes against the background of the development of diabetic microangiopathy lead to a violation of the hematotesticular barrier and to dystrophic changes in the spermatogenic epithelium of the testis. Conclusion. Thus, on the 70th day of SDM in the hemomicrocirculatory flow of the testis, the development of diabetic microangiopathy is observed, which leads to a violati
{"title":"Age features of morphological changes of the hematotesticular barrier in experimental diabetes mellitus.","authors":"A. Kondrat, O. Zhurakivska","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.60-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.60-66","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Diabetes mellitus is an acute medical and social problem in all parts of the world due to the constant increase in the incidence of the disease, severe complications, disability and high mortality. Hyperglycemia leads to oxidative stress and increased processes of formation of active oxygen species, which in turn make a significant contribution to the development of male infertility. Objective. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish morphological changes in the vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory flow and testicular sustentocytes of adult rats with experimental streptozotocin diabetes mellitus (SDM). Methods. The material for the study were the testicles of 20 sexually mature 6-month-old rats (weighing 150-180 g). SDM in animals of the experimental group was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer solution with a pH of 4.5) at a dose of 6 mg per 100 g of mass. An equivalent dose of 0.1 M citrate buffer was injected intraperitoneally to animals of the control group. Histological, electron microscopic, biochemical, morphometric and statistical research methods were used. Results. It was found that in the early stages of SDM (28th day) on the background of hyperglycemia in the hemomicrocirculatory flow of the testes there is a spasm of the vessels of the afferent link, which is confirmed by a decrease in the lumen of arterioles and an increase in their Wagenworth index. On the 70th day of SDM on the background of elevated levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the links of the hemomicrocirculatory flow of the testis there are signs of diabetic microangiopathy, manifested by: hemorheological disorders in micro-hemo-vessels, (erythrocyte sludge, adhesion of erythrocytes and platelets, microclasmatosis), decrease in the capacity of arterioles and capillaries (increase in the Wagenworth index, respectively by 1.8 and 1.9 times), microclasmatosis, thickening and proliferation of the basement membrane of capillaries. Against the background of diabetic microangiopathy, there is a decrease in the number of sustentocytes by 0.01 mm2 of testicular parenchyma by 1.8 times, compared with control indicators, the area of their profile increases by 2.2 times (in all cases p<0.05). The nucleolar areas probably do not change, which leads to an increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio by 2.9 times (p<0.05). Such morphometric changes of sustentocytes are caused by development of vacuolar hydropic dystrophies in them, and an apoptosis that is confirmed by data of histo-ultrastructural studies. Changes in sustentocytes against the background of the development of diabetic microangiopathy lead to a violation of the hematotesticular barrier and to dystrophic changes in the spermatogenic epithelium of the testis. Conclusion. Thus, on the 70th day of SDM in the hemomicrocirculatory flow of the testis, the development of diabetic microangiopathy is observed, which leads to a violati","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86342238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.88-89
Department of histology, cytology and embryology Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
3 1 січня виповнилося 75 років від дня народження та 38 років наукової та педагогічної діяльності доктора медичних наук Ященко Антоніни Михайлівни, професора кафедри гістології, цитології та ембріології Львівського національного медичного університету ім. Данила Галицького. У 1964 році закінчила Львівське медичне училище №1. У 1965 році вона вступає до Львівського державного університету ім. Івана Франка на біологічний факультет. Ще у студентські роки під час виконання курсових і дипломних робіт проводила наукові дослідження з використанням гістологічних методів. Після закінчення університету працювала у лабораторії експрес-діагностики реанімаційного відділення клінічної лікарні Львівської залізниці. У цей час з’явилися перші наукові публікації, що стосувалися дослідження підшлункової залози при панкреатитах. 1982 року Антоніна Михайлівна була обрана за конкурсом на посаду асистента кафедри гістології, цитології та ембріології ЛНМУ. У 1986 році захистила кандидатську дисертацію «Гистофизиология подчелюстных слюнных желез потомства при нарушении баланса тиреоидных гормонов материнского организма», у якій вперше були описані процеси розвитку підщелепних слинних залоз потомства за умов гіпотирозу материнського організму, показаний процес становлення їх ендокринної функції. Визначну роль у науковому житті ювелярки відіграла ерудована і цікава особистість – професор Є.С. Детюк, під керівництвом якої була виконана і захищена дисертація. Після обрання у 1992 році на посаду доцента кафедри гістології, цитології та ембріології Антоніна Михайлівна активно включилася у навчально-методичну роботу кафедри: за її авторства опублікована низка методичних рекомендацій для студентів медичного та стоматологічного факультетів. У 1998 році за її співавторства вийшов друком навчально-методичний посібник для студентів стоматологічного факультету «Атлас мікроанатомії органів ротової порожнини», до складу якого увійшли фрагменти її власних наукових досліджень і який у 1999 році був відзначений нагородою Ярослава Мудрого Академії наукН вищої школи України. У 2004 році Антоніна Михайлівна захистила докторську дисертацію «Лектини як маркери в нормі і патології», у якій відображено можливості використання методів лектиногістохімії у процесах диференціації клітин та діагностиці патологічних процесів. Основним науковим напрямком Антоніни Михайлівни є вивчення вуглеводних детермінант як сигнальних молекул у процесах міжклітинної взаємодії, диференціації та проліферації клітин органів травної, ендокринної, репродуктивної систем експериментальних тварин та людини у процесі онтогенезу, порівняльно-видовому аспекті та патологічних процесах. Результатом наукових пошуків Антоніни Михайлівни стали наукові статті, кількість яких понад 250, у тому числі 2 авторських свідоцтва на винаходи. Під її керівництвом захищено 9 кандидатських дисертації. Професор А.М.Ященко – співавтор Національних підручників з гістології, цитології та ембріології для студентів медичного (2018 р.) і стоматоло
{"title":"To the anniversary of Professor Antonina Mykhailivna Yashchenko","authors":"Department of histology, cytology and embryology Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.88-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.88-89","url":null,"abstract":"3 1 січня виповнилося 75 років від дня народження та 38 років наукової та педагогічної діяльності доктора медичних наук Ященко Антоніни Михайлівни, професора кафедри гістології, цитології та ембріології Львівського національного медичного університету ім. Данила Галицького. У 1964 році закінчила Львівське медичне училище №1. У 1965 році вона вступає до Львівського державного університету ім. Івана Франка на біологічний факультет. Ще у студентські роки під час виконання курсових і дипломних робіт проводила наукові дослідження з використанням гістологічних методів. Після закінчення університету працювала у лабораторії експрес-діагностики реанімаційного відділення клінічної лікарні Львівської залізниці. У цей час з’явилися перші наукові публікації, що стосувалися дослідження підшлункової залози при панкреатитах. \u00001982 року Антоніна Михайлівна була обрана за конкурсом на посаду асистента кафедри гістології, цитології та ембріології ЛНМУ. У 1986 році захистила кандидатську дисертацію «Гистофизиология подчелюстных слюнных желез потомства при нарушении баланса тиреоидных гормонов материнского организма», у якій вперше були описані процеси розвитку підщелепних слинних залоз потомства за умов гіпотирозу материнського організму, показаний процес становлення їх ендокринної функції. Визначну роль у науковому житті ювелярки відіграла ерудована і цікава особистість – професор Є.С. Детюк, під керівництвом якої була виконана і захищена дисертація. \u0000Після обрання у 1992 році на посаду доцента кафедри гістології, цитології та ембріології Антоніна Михайлівна активно включилася у навчально-методичну роботу кафедри: за її авторства опублікована низка методичних рекомендацій для студентів медичного та стоматологічного факультетів. У 1998 році за її співавторства вийшов друком навчально-методичний посібник для студентів стоматологічного факультету «Атлас мікроанатомії органів ротової порожнини», до складу якого увійшли фрагменти її власних наукових досліджень і який у 1999 році був відзначений нагородою Ярослава Мудрого Академії наукН вищої школи України. У 2004 році Антоніна Михайлівна захистила докторську дисертацію «Лектини як маркери в нормі і патології», у якій відображено можливості використання методів лектиногістохімії у процесах диференціації клітин та діагностиці патологічних процесів. \u0000Основним науковим напрямком Антоніни Михайлівни є вивчення вуглеводних детермінант як сигнальних молекул у процесах міжклітинної взаємодії, диференціації та проліферації клітин органів травної, ендокринної, репродуктивної систем експериментальних тварин та людини у процесі онтогенезу, порівняльно-видовому аспекті та патологічних процесах. Результатом наукових пошуків Антоніни Михайлівни стали наукові статті, кількість яких понад 250, у тому числі 2 авторських свідоцтва на винаходи. Під її керівництвом захищено 9 кандидатських дисертації. Професор А.М.Ященко – співавтор Національних підручників з гістології, цитології та ембріології для студентів медичного (2018 р.) і стоматоло","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.48-59
S. Zyablitsev, P.Yu. Penskyy, M.L. Litvinets, A. Kovalova, A.A. Salamaha
Background. Currently, there is a need to create an experimental model for reproducing the main pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-associated lungs damage. The first stage of such a model may be reproducing acute aspiration bronchopneumonia in rats. Objective. Examine the dynamics of morphological changes in the lungs in the development of experimental acute aspiration bronchopneumonia. Methods. The group of laboratory Wistar rats (n=25) in compliance with bioethical norms under typoental anesthesia was carried out operational intervention with the introduction of a sterile capron thread 2.5 cm long and a thickness of 0.2 mm to a depth of 2.5 cm. In the control group included 5 false-controlled animals. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days, the animals were derived from the experiment, morphological studies were carried out with the painting serial sections with hematoxylin-eosin. Results. On the 7 day, the morphological picture testified to the development of the acute stage of exudative inflammation with the full-blood of vessels, microtrombosis, dyslectasis, hyperplasia of alveolocytes II type. After 14 days, the proliferative stage was formed with alveolocytes hyperplasia, the epithelium of bronchi, as well as fibroblasts with the formation of sharp peribronchial and alveolar abscesses. After 21 days, the development of the lungs fibrosis with the organization of acute peribronchial and alveolar abscesses was noted, peribronchial and intraalveoli pronounced interstitial edema and the reactive hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles of a mixed nature. After 28 days, bronchopneumonia was organized in the form of fibrosis parenchyma, sections of chronic productive inflammation with the formation of resorbative granuloms; sections of the blood vessels hyalinose. For 56 days, these phenomena were progressed before the development of dense fibrosis (carnification) with sections of chronic abscesses with a formed by a connective tissue capsule, the development of vascular hyalinose. Conclusion. Thus, the model of acute aspiration bronchopneumonia reproduces the dynamics of morphological manifestations of acute lung damage, which is the basis for the development of pathogenetic therapy fields.
{"title":"Dynamics of morphological manifestations of the experimental acute aspiration bronchopneumonia development.","authors":"S. Zyablitsev, P.Yu. Penskyy, M.L. Litvinets, A. Kovalova, A.A. Salamaha","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.48-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.48-59","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Currently, there is a need to create an experimental model for reproducing the main pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-associated lungs damage. The first stage of such a model may be reproducing acute aspiration bronchopneumonia in rats. Objective. Examine the dynamics of morphological changes in the lungs in the development of experimental acute aspiration bronchopneumonia. Methods. The group of laboratory Wistar rats (n=25) in compliance with bioethical norms under typoental anesthesia was carried out operational intervention with the introduction of a sterile capron thread 2.5 cm long and a thickness of 0.2 mm to a depth of 2.5 cm. In the control group included 5 false-controlled animals. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days, the animals were derived from the experiment, morphological studies were carried out with the painting serial sections with hematoxylin-eosin. Results. On the 7 day, the morphological picture testified to the development of the acute stage of exudative inflammation with the full-blood of vessels, microtrombosis, dyslectasis, hyperplasia of alveolocytes II type. After 14 days, the proliferative stage was formed with alveolocytes hyperplasia, the epithelium of bronchi, as well as fibroblasts with the formation of sharp peribronchial and alveolar abscesses. After 21 days, the development of the lungs fibrosis with the organization of acute peribronchial and alveolar abscesses was noted, peribronchial and intraalveoli pronounced interstitial edema and the reactive hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles of a mixed nature. After 28 days, bronchopneumonia was organized in the form of fibrosis parenchyma, sections of chronic productive inflammation with the formation of resorbative granuloms; sections of the blood vessels hyalinose. For 56 days, these phenomena were progressed before the development of dense fibrosis (carnification) with sections of chronic abscesses with a formed by a connective tissue capsule, the development of vascular hyalinose. Conclusion. Thus, the model of acute aspiration bronchopneumonia reproduces the dynamics of morphological manifestations of acute lung damage, which is the basis for the development of pathogenetic therapy fields.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86446131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.7-21
Y. Paltov, Kh.P. Ivasivca, M. Pankiv
The aim of our scientific work was to study the existing experimental models of glutamate effects on the body and to understand the mechanisms of this effect and its possible consequences. To achieve this goal, we have studied different sources of scientific medical literature. Results. In a healthy body, glutamic acid is secreted by brain neurons in the required amount as a neurotransmitter and participates in the main information flows of human body. Sodium glutamate, which enters the body with food in large quantities, affects the body, causing general toxic effects and has a local effect on the stomach, intestines, salivary glands and pancreas and so on. Based on the scientific literature, experimental models that study the effects of glutamate are divided into two types: models in which glutamate enters the body orally and when glutamate is administered subcutaneously and intraperitoneally in the neonatal period of life. In the first route of administration, glutamate causes a toxic effect, which is manifested in increased catalytic activity in the blood serum of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in 2.5; 1.6; and 1.5 times, respectively, while the activity of alkaline phosphatase remained at control levels, indicating a pronounced hepatotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate as a dietary supplement. It causes an increase in content of total and tyrosine-containing peptides in the blood serum, increase of substances of low and medium molecular weight, as well as an increase in the values of intoxication, which indirectly indicates a violation of the detoxification of endogenous metabolites in the liver of experimental animals. Ingestion of sodium glutamate within the recommended doses has not been shown to cause marked pathological changes in the mucous, muscular and serous membranes of the gastric wall, but there is a slight fullness of the vessels of the submucosal membrane. It has been found that in high doses, sodium glutamate has a local pathogenic effect on the tissues of the stomach, which consists in thinning all layers of its wall, desquamation of the mucous membrane and its disorganization by reducing the size of gastric glands, increasing the number of vessels and their fullness with blood. One of the mechanisms of pathogenic effect of sodium glutamate is the contact local and free radical oxidizing effect on gastric tissues. In the oral route of administration of glutamate there are no phenomena of fat growth (obesity) as epidermal, which is characteristic of the abdominal form of obesity, so and pararectal, parallelic, pararenal and retroperitoneal, which is characteristic for the visceral form of obesity. In the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of administration of glutamate in the neonatal period of life in experimental animals, glutamate causes hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid, the development of lesions manifested by hemorrhage, erosions and ulcers in the gastric muc
{"title":"Myths and reality about the effects of glutamate. Compilation of scientific data of modern world literature","authors":"Y. Paltov, Kh.P. Ivasivca, M. Pankiv","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.7-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.7-21","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our scientific work was to study the existing experimental models of glutamate effects on the body and to understand the mechanisms of this effect and its possible consequences. To achieve this goal, we have studied different sources of scientific medical literature. Results. In a healthy body, glutamic acid is secreted by brain neurons in the required amount as a neurotransmitter and participates in the main information flows of human body. Sodium glutamate, which enters the body with food in large quantities, affects the body, causing general toxic effects and has a local effect on the stomach, intestines, salivary glands and pancreas and so on. Based on the scientific literature, experimental models that study the effects of glutamate are divided into two types: models in which glutamate enters the body orally and when glutamate is administered subcutaneously and intraperitoneally in the neonatal period of life. In the first route of administration, glutamate causes a toxic effect, which is manifested in increased catalytic activity in the blood serum of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in 2.5; 1.6; and 1.5 times, respectively, while the activity of alkaline phosphatase remained at control levels, indicating a pronounced hepatotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate as a dietary supplement. It causes an increase in content of total and tyrosine-containing peptides in the blood serum, increase of substances of low and medium molecular weight, as well as an increase in the values of intoxication, which indirectly indicates a violation of the detoxification of endogenous metabolites in the liver of experimental animals. Ingestion of sodium glutamate within the recommended doses has not been shown to cause marked pathological changes in the mucous, muscular and serous membranes of the gastric wall, but there is a slight fullness of the vessels of the submucosal membrane. It has been found that in high doses, sodium glutamate has a local pathogenic effect on the tissues of the stomach, which consists in thinning all layers of its wall, desquamation of the mucous membrane and its disorganization by reducing the size of gastric glands, increasing the number of vessels and their fullness with blood. One of the mechanisms of pathogenic effect of sodium glutamate is the contact local and free radical oxidizing effect on gastric tissues. In the oral route of administration of glutamate there are no phenomena of fat growth (obesity) as epidermal, which is characteristic of the abdominal form of obesity, so and pararectal, parallelic, pararenal and retroperitoneal, which is characteristic for the visceral form of obesity. In the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes of administration of glutamate in the neonatal period of life in experimental animals, glutamate causes hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid, the development of lesions manifested by hemorrhage, erosions and ulcers in the gastric muc","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84238930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.92-98
Abraham L Kierszenbaum M.D. Ph.D., Laura Tres M.D. Ph.D.
Linking basic science to clinical application throughout, Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology, 5th Edition, helps students build a stronger clinical knowledge base in the challenging area of pathologic abnormalities. This award-winning text presents key concepts in an understandable, easy-to-understand manner, with full-color illustrations, diagrams, photomicrographs, and pathology photos fully integrated on every page. Student-friendly features such as highlighted clinical terms, Clinical Conditions boxes, Essential Concepts boxes, concept mapping animations, and more help readers quickly grasp complex information. Features new content on cancer immunotherapy, satellite cells and muscle repair, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in relation to cancer treatment, and mitochondria replacement therapies. Presents new material on ciliogenesis, microtubule assembly and disassembly, chromatin structure and condensation, and X chromosome inactivation, which directly impact therapy for ciliopathies, infertility, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Provides thoroughly updated information on gestational trophoblastic diseases, molecular aspects of breast cancer, and basic immunology, including new illustrations on the structure of the T-cell receptor, CD4+ cells subtypes and functions, and the structure of the human spleen. Uses a new, light green background throughout the text to identify essential concepts of histology – a feature requested by both students and instructors to quickly locate which concepts are most important for beginning learners or when time is limited. These essential concepts are followed by more detailed information on cell biology and pathology. Contains new Primers in most chapters that provide a practical, self-contained integration of histology, cell biology, and pathology – perfect for clarifying the relationship between basic and clinical sciences. Identifies clinical terms throughout the text and lists all clinical boxes in the table of contents for quick reference. Helps students understand the links between chapter concepts with concept mapping animations on Student Consult™ – an outstanding supplement to in-class instruction. Student Consult™ eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
{"title":"Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology 5th Edition 2020","authors":"Abraham L Kierszenbaum M.D. Ph.D., Laura Tres M.D. Ph.D.","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.92-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.92-98","url":null,"abstract":"Linking basic science to clinical application throughout, Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology, 5th Edition, helps students build a stronger clinical knowledge base in the challenging area of pathologic abnormalities. This award-winning text presents key concepts in an understandable, easy-to-understand manner, with full-color illustrations, diagrams, photomicrographs, and pathology photos fully integrated on every page. Student-friendly features such as highlighted clinical terms, Clinical Conditions boxes, Essential Concepts boxes, concept mapping animations, and more help readers quickly grasp complex information. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Features new content on cancer immunotherapy, satellite cells and muscle repair, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in relation to cancer treatment, and mitochondria replacement therapies. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Presents new material on ciliogenesis, microtubule assembly and disassembly, chromatin structure and condensation, and X chromosome inactivation, which directly impact therapy for ciliopathies, infertility, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Provides thoroughly updated information on gestational trophoblastic diseases, molecular aspects of breast cancer, and basic immunology, including new illustrations on the structure of the T-cell receptor, CD4+ cells subtypes and functions, and the structure of the human spleen. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Uses a new, light green background throughout the text to identify essential concepts of histology – a feature requested by both students and instructors to quickly locate which concepts are most important for beginning learners or when time is limited. These essential concepts are followed by more detailed information on cell biology and pathology. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Contains new Primers in most chapters that provide a practical, self-contained integration of histology, cell biology, and pathology – perfect for clarifying the relationship between basic and clinical sciences. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Identifies clinical terms throughout the text and lists all clinical boxes in the table of contents for quick reference. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Helps students understand the links between chapter concepts with concept mapping animations on Student Consult™ – an outstanding supplement to in-class instruction. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Student Consult™ eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80720215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.90-91
William K. Ovalle PhD, Patrick C. Nahirney PhD
With strong correlations between gross anatomy and the microanatomy of structures, Netter’s Essential Histology, 3rd Edition, is the perfect text for today’s evolving medical education. Concise and easy to use, it integrates gross anatomy and embryology with classic histology slides and state-of-the-art scanning electron microscopy, offering a clear, visual understanding of this complex subject. Additional histopathology images, more clinical boxes, and new histopathology content ensure that this textbook-atlas clearly presents the most indispensable histologic concepts and their clinical relevance.Helps you recognize both normal and diseased structures at the microscopic level with the aid of succinct explanatory text as well as numerous clinical boxes. Features more histopathology content and additional clinical boxes to increase your knowledge of pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Includes high-quality light and electron micrographs, including enhanced and colorized electron micrographs that show ultra-structures in 3D, side by side with classic Netter illustrations that link your knowledge of anatomy and cell biology to what is seen in the micrographs. Provides online access to author-narrated video overviews of each chapter, plus Zoomify images and Virtual Slides that include histopathology and can be viewed at different magnifications.
{"title":"William K. Ovalle PhD, Patrick C. Nahirney PhD Netter's Essential Histology: With Correlated Histopathology (Netter Basic Science) 3rd Edition","authors":"William K. Ovalle PhD, Patrick C. Nahirney PhD","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.90-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.90-91","url":null,"abstract":"With strong correlations between gross anatomy and the microanatomy of structures, Netter’s Essential Histology, 3rd Edition, is the perfect text for today’s evolving medical education. Concise and easy to use, it integrates gross anatomy and embryology with classic histology slides and state-of-the-art scanning electron microscopy, offering a clear, visual understanding of this complex subject. Additional histopathology images, more clinical boxes, and new histopathology content ensure that this textbook-atlas clearly presents the most indispensable histologic concepts and their clinical relevance.Helps you recognize both normal and diseased structures at the microscopic level with the aid of succinct explanatory text as well as numerous clinical boxes. Features more histopathology content and additional clinical boxes to increase your knowledge of pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Includes high-quality light and electron micrographs, including enhanced and colorized electron micrographs that show ultra-structures in 3D, side by side with classic Netter illustrations that link your knowledge of anatomy and cell biology to what is seen in the micrographs. Provides online access to author-narrated video overviews of each chapter, plus Zoomify images and Virtual Slides that include histopathology and can be viewed at different magnifications.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90151474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.67-72
E.P. Finkova
Objective. To elucidate the influence of various components of hormonal contraception in women with uterine leiomyoma (UL) on the key molecular and cellular mechanisms of its proliferation. Methods. Antigen Ki-67, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were determined by immunohistochemical methods in 230 samples of UL preparations obtained during myomectomy. Depending on the composition of the components of hormonal contraceptives that women used for 12 months before the operation, 8 study groups were created: Group I - control, without the use of any hormonal contraception; Group II - the use of COCs containing 20 μg of ethinylestradiol and 0.075 mg of gestaden; Group III - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 0.075 mg gestaden) Group IV - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel) Group V - COCs (30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel) Group VI - COCs (30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest) Group VII - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone) Group VIII - (intrauterine levonorgestrel releasing system (IUD-LNG). Results. In UL samples from group I, an increase of Ki-67 positive cells in 3.4 times was observed (3.1 ± 0.03%; p <0.04) in comparison with intact myometrium (IM) (0.9 ± 0.06%), which is evidence of a higher cell proliferation in the UL, a 3.1-fold increase in the H-index of ER expression - 39.4 ± 4.3 (p <0.05) versus 12.9 ± 1.6 in the group with IM I and in 2.6 times of PR expression - 21.1 ± 1.7 (p <0.05) compared to IM - 8.2 ± 1.4, which may indicate a greater sensitivity of UL to sex hormones and their promoter role in UL proliferation. Expression of Ki-67 in UL samples in women taking COCs, which included dienogest (1.8 ± 0.03%, p <0.05) - group VI and desogestrel (1.9 ± 0.03%, p <0.05) - group IV, was, 42.0% and 38.8% respectively, what ois less than in group I UL, which can be regarded as the cytoprotective effect of the progestogen component of COC on the mitotic activity of UL cells. A positive trend in the expression of Ki-67 persisted when women used COCs containing gestodene (2.1 ± 0.02%; p <0.05) - group III and levonorgestrel (2.2 ± 0.04%, p <0.05) - group V, in which the expression of Ki-67 was shown by a smaller number of PM cells, respectively, by 32.3% and 25.8% than in group I PM, and also to a lesser extent - in group VIII (COC with droperidone), where the mean value of Ki-67 expression in LM samples was 2.6 ± 0.02% and was 16.9% less than in LM group I. An increase in the dose of ethinyl estradiol in COCs from 20 μg (group II) to 30 μg (group III) did not significantly affect the expression of Ki-67, therefore, the content of estrogens in modern low-dose COCs does not contribute to an increase in proliferation in the LM, and the non-contraceptive antiproliferative effect is associated exclusively with biological and the pharmacological properties of individual gestagens in the composition of COCs. It was proved that the studied COCs did not significantly affect th
{"title":"The results of immunohistochemical study of signaling pathways’ markers of proliferation in uterine leiomyoma in women using hormonal contraception.","authors":"E.P. Finkova","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.67-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.67-72","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To elucidate the influence of various components of hormonal contraception in women with uterine leiomyoma (UL) on the key molecular and cellular mechanisms of its proliferation. Methods. Antigen Ki-67, estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were determined by immunohistochemical methods in 230 samples of UL preparations obtained during myomectomy. Depending on the composition of the components of hormonal contraceptives that women used for 12 months before the operation, 8 study groups were created: Group I - control, without the use of any hormonal contraception; Group II - the use of COCs containing 20 μg of ethinylestradiol and 0.075 mg of gestaden; Group III - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 0.075 mg gestaden) Group IV - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel) Group V - COCs (30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel) Group VI - COCs (30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg dienogest) Group VII - COCs (30 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone) Group VIII - (intrauterine levonorgestrel releasing system (IUD-LNG). Results. In UL samples from group I, an increase of Ki-67 positive cells in 3.4 times was observed (3.1 ± 0.03%; p <0.04) in comparison with intact myometrium (IM) (0.9 ± 0.06%), which is evidence of a higher cell proliferation in the UL, a 3.1-fold increase in the H-index of ER expression - 39.4 ± 4.3 (p <0.05) versus 12.9 ± 1.6 in the group with IM I and in 2.6 times of PR expression - 21.1 ± 1.7 (p <0.05) compared to IM - 8.2 ± 1.4, which may indicate a greater sensitivity of UL to sex hormones and their promoter role in UL proliferation. Expression of Ki-67 in UL samples in women taking COCs, which included dienogest (1.8 ± 0.03%, p <0.05) - group VI and desogestrel (1.9 ± 0.03%, p <0.05) - group IV, was, 42.0% and 38.8% respectively, what ois less than in group I UL, which can be regarded as the cytoprotective effect of the progestogen component of COC on the mitotic activity of UL cells. A positive trend in the expression of Ki-67 persisted when women used COCs containing gestodene (2.1 ± 0.02%; p <0.05) - group III and levonorgestrel (2.2 ± 0.04%, p <0.05) - group V, in which the expression of Ki-67 was shown by a smaller number of PM cells, respectively, by 32.3% and 25.8% than in group I PM, and also to a lesser extent - in group VIII (COC with droperidone), where the mean value of Ki-67 expression in LM samples was 2.6 ± 0.02% and was 16.9% less than in LM group I. An increase in the dose of ethinyl estradiol in COCs from 20 μg (group II) to 30 μg (group III) did not significantly affect the expression of Ki-67, therefore, the content of estrogens in modern low-dose COCs does not contribute to an increase in proliferation in the LM, and the non-contraceptive antiproliferative effect is associated exclusively with biological and the pharmacological properties of individual gestagens in the composition of COCs. It was proved that the studied COCs did not significantly affect th","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90789287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.22-27
M. Aksamytieva, S. Popko, V. Evtushenko
Background. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of allergic diseases of the respiratory organs, especially in children. The predictor of the further development of bronchial asthma is sensitizing at an early age to the allergens of chicken egg. The use of new knowledge about the allergenic components of the chicken egg will predict the risks and clinical features of the disease. Despite the importance, the problem of morphogenesis of allergic inflammation of the wall of the trachea is not sufficiently studied, so far many issues are not found in morphology and require further research. Objective.The aim of the study is to establish morphological changes in the tracheal membranes in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways of guinea pigs. Methods. The thickness of tracheal wall of 48 male guinea pigs was investigated by histological, morphometric, statistical methods on the twenty-third, thirty-sixth, thirty-sixth and forty-fourth days after the initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. Results. We have found, that maximum statistically significant thickening is shown in the late period of tracheal mucosa in 2 times on the 44th day of observation and tracheal submucosa in the 3rd experimental group on the 36th day of observation (increasing coefficient 2) compared to the control. However, the thinning of tracheal submucosa is observed in the early period of the inflammatory process on the 23rd and 30th day of observation. It has been proved, that the allergic inflammation of the tissues of the trachea caused by the sensitization and allergization of ovalbumin leads to the change in the thickness of layers of trachea in the chronobiological aspect. Conclusion. On the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment, thinning of tracheal mucosais observed due to damage of epithelial cells. Thickening of tracheal mucosa and submucosa was found in the third and fourth groups of observation (late period of allergic inflammation) compared with animals of the intact group and the control group due to an increase in the area of loose connective tissue, which is a consequence of the continuation of the allergic inflammatory process in the trachea after the end of the experiment.
{"title":"Morphfological changes in the membranes of the trachea of guinea pigs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways.","authors":"M. Aksamytieva, S. Popko, V. Evtushenko","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.22-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.22-27","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of allergic diseases of the respiratory organs, especially in children. The predictor of the further development of bronchial asthma is sensitizing at an early age to the allergens of chicken egg. The use of new knowledge about the allergenic components of the chicken egg will predict the risks and clinical features of the disease. Despite the importance, the problem of morphogenesis of allergic inflammation of the wall of the trachea is not sufficiently studied, so far many issues are not found in morphology and require further research. Objective.The aim of the study is to establish morphological changes in the tracheal membranes in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways of guinea pigs. Methods. The thickness of tracheal wall of 48 male guinea pigs was investigated by histological, morphometric, statistical methods on the twenty-third, thirty-sixth, thirty-sixth and forty-fourth days after the initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. Results. We have found, that maximum statistically significant thickening is shown in the late period of tracheal mucosa in 2 times on the 44th day of observation and tracheal submucosa in the 3rd experimental group on the 36th day of observation (increasing coefficient 2) compared to the control. However, the thinning of tracheal submucosa is observed in the early period of the inflammatory process on the 23rd and 30th day of observation. It has been proved, that the allergic inflammation of the tissues of the trachea caused by the sensitization and allergization of ovalbumin leads to the change in the thickness of layers of trachea in the chronobiological aspect. Conclusion. On the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment, thinning of tracheal mucosais observed due to damage of epithelial cells. Thickening of tracheal mucosa and submucosa was found in the third and fourth groups of observation (late period of allergic inflammation) compared with animals of the intact group and the control group due to an increase in the area of loose connective tissue, which is a consequence of the continuation of the allergic inflammatory process in the trachea after the end of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90233946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.79-87
N. Stanishevska
Background Stellate pancreatocytes, being cells - producers of stromal components, actively interact with cancer cells, determine the formation of a stromal barrier between the latter and thereby provide tumor chemoresistance. Objective The review is devoted to the analysis of recent data on the role of stellate pancreatocytes in the formation of the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic tumors, molecular mechanisms through which the regulation and realization of stellate cell functions is carried out. Methods Data processing was carried out by the method of complex material analysis. Results. Stellate pancreatocytes (PSC) exhibit phenotypically and functionally two states: inactive and active. PSC activation is carried out by cells of the developing tumor through a variety of molecular mediators. Activation triggers for PSC are Yes-associated protein, TGF-β1, miRNA let-7d, IL-8, MCP1, TGF-β2, IGFBP2, and others. 10 actively expressed genes were identified: TP53, SRC, IL6, JUN, ISG15, CAD, STAT1, OAS3, OAS1, VIM during co-cultivation of a cancer cell line (PCC) with PSC. PSC deactivation is associated with speckle-type mediator POZ (SPOP) acting through nuclear factor-kappaB, transretinoic acid (ATRA). Exhibiting their activity, PSCs express several stem cell markers, α-SMA (α-actin of smooth muscle cells), vimentin, α ITGA 11 (collagen type I receptor), α5 integrin receptor ITGA5 (fibronectin receptor), hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1), BAG3 , matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), Nodal protein, miR-1246 and miR-1290, miR-210, CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor), TRPV1, SP and CGRP (Calcitonin gene-related peptide) and many other factors. Сonclusion. Stellate pancreatocytes, being producers of the interacinar stroma, are activated by various factors (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, ATP, and HMGB1, etc.), including factors produced by tumor cells of the pancreas, and act as regulators of proliferation, migration, and suppression apoptosis of the latter. An increase in the expression of α ITGA 11 (type I collagen receptor), α5 integrin receptor ITGA5 (fibronectin receptor), metallopeptidases, Nodal protein, miR-1246, miR-1290, and miR-210 is observed in tumor tissue, that indicates the activation of these cells. The maintenance of the active state of PSC is provided by tumor cells, for which stellate pancreatocytes are partners in the progression of the neoplastic process. Further study of the mechanisms of interaction in the PSC-tumor cell system creates the prospect of revealing levers of influence on the pathogenesis of pancreatic tumors.
{"title":"Pancreatic stellate cells: the top managers of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment.","authors":"N. Stanishevska","doi":"10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.79-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.79-87","url":null,"abstract":"Background Stellate pancreatocytes, being cells - producers of stromal components, actively interact with cancer cells, determine the formation of a stromal barrier between the latter and thereby provide tumor chemoresistance. Objective The review is devoted to the analysis of recent data on the role of stellate pancreatocytes in the formation of the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic tumors, molecular mechanisms through which the regulation and realization of stellate cell functions is carried out. Methods Data processing was carried out by the method of complex material analysis. Results. Stellate pancreatocytes (PSC) exhibit phenotypically and functionally two states: inactive and active. PSC activation is carried out by cells of the developing tumor through a variety of molecular mediators. Activation triggers for PSC are Yes-associated protein, TGF-β1, miRNA let-7d, IL-8, MCP1, TGF-β2, IGFBP2, and others. 10 actively expressed genes were identified: TP53, SRC, IL6, JUN, ISG15, CAD, STAT1, OAS3, OAS1, VIM during co-cultivation of a cancer cell line (PCC) with PSC. PSC deactivation is associated with speckle-type mediator POZ (SPOP) acting through nuclear factor-kappaB, transretinoic acid (ATRA). Exhibiting their activity, PSCs express several stem cell markers, α-SMA (α-actin of smooth muscle cells), vimentin, α ITGA 11 (collagen type I receptor), α5 integrin receptor ITGA5 (fibronectin receptor), hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1), BAG3 , matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), Nodal protein, miR-1246 and miR-1290, miR-210, CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor), TRPV1, SP and CGRP (Calcitonin gene-related peptide) and many other factors. Сonclusion. Stellate pancreatocytes, being producers of the interacinar stroma, are activated by various factors (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, ATP, and HMGB1, etc.), including factors produced by tumor cells of the pancreas, and act as regulators of proliferation, migration, and suppression apoptosis of the latter. An increase in the expression of α ITGA 11 (type I collagen receptor), α5 integrin receptor ITGA5 (fibronectin receptor), metallopeptidases, Nodal protein, miR-1246, miR-1290, and miR-210 is observed in tumor tissue, that indicates the activation of these cells. The maintenance of the active state of PSC is provided by tumor cells, for which stellate pancreatocytes are partners in the progression of the neoplastic process. Further study of the mechanisms of interaction in the PSC-tumor cell system creates the prospect of revealing levers of influence on the pathogenesis of pancreatic tumors.","PeriodicalId":19107,"journal":{"name":"Morphologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77249007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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