Influence of chlormequat chloride on the formation of a photosynthetic apparatus and productivity of linseed

Abstract

Application of retardants as anti-gibberelline substances leads to changes in the functioning of donor-acceptor relations in the plant organism and inhibition of the growth processes. Reducing of the assimilates demand for the growth of vegetative organs leads to the accumulation of plastic substances with their redistribution to the formation of seeds and fruits. The purpose of the research was establishing the effect of chlormequat chloride as a retardant permitted in Ukraine on the formation of the leaf apparatus and the productivity of oil flax plants (Linum usitatissimum L.). Materials and methods. Oil flax plants of Debut and Orpheus varieties were once treated with 0.5% water solution chlormequat chloride in the budding phase. Morphological parameters of flax plants were studied every 10 days. The mesostructural organization was determined for leaves of the same age. The total amount of oil in flax seeds was determined by extraction. Result. It was found that chlormequat chloride application led to enhance the thickening of stems of plants. Chlormequat chloride treatment resulted the formation of powerful photosynthetic apparatus. The application of retardant increased the number of leaves per plant and decreased the area of a single leaf. It was found that the application of plant growth regulators led to increase the cells size and volume of palisade chlorenchyma, the chloroplast number and size in palisade and spongy parenchyma. Such changes in the mesostructure measurement of leaves caused increase the net photosynthetic productivity that was the important prerequisite for enhancement of crop production. The flow of assimilates was directed to the development of generative organs – fruits, the number of which increased by the retardant as a result of intensive branching of the stem. It was also noted that the number of seeds per fruit and the weight of a single seed increased under the influence of growth regulator. It was established that the application of retardant stimulated a more intense synthesis of reserve compounds in the seeds and oil content in seeds increased. It was necessary to note that the amount of residual drugs substance in the seeds was significantly lower than the permissible concentrations. Conclusions. So the chlormequat chloride treatment on the linseed during the budding period leads to improve the development of leaf apparatus and formation of fruits, which result the improvement of crop production