William Iheanyi Eke , Ekemini Ituen , Lin Yuanhua , Onyewuchi Akaranta
{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of modified cashew nut shell liquid as oilfield wax inhibitors and flow improvers for waxy crude oils","authors":"William Iheanyi Eke , Ekemini Ituen , Lin Yuanhua , Onyewuchi Akaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.upstre.2022.100068","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biobased wax inhibitors and flow improvers have become attractive due to the need to cut production cost and migrate towards more eco-friendly oilfield chemicals. Natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) extracted from shells of <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> was chemically modified using diethanolamine and ethanolamine. Pour point of doped oil was reduced by -18 °C. Cross-polarized micrographs of crude oils analyzed using Image J software showed reduction in crystal size, aspect ratio and boundary fractal dimension. Wax area fraction decreased by 65% indicative of wax inhibition as smooth, rounded, morphologically uniform crystals formed. Shear stress and viscosity decreased by 45% and 49%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101264,"journal":{"name":"Upstream Oil and Gas Technology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Upstream Oil and Gas Technology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666260422000056","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Abstract
Biobased wax inhibitors and flow improvers have become attractive due to the need to cut production cost and migrate towards more eco-friendly oilfield chemicals. Natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) extracted from shells of Anacardium occidentale was chemically modified using diethanolamine and ethanolamine. Pour point of doped oil was reduced by -18 °C. Cross-polarized micrographs of crude oils analyzed using Image J software showed reduction in crystal size, aspect ratio and boundary fractal dimension. Wax area fraction decreased by 65% indicative of wax inhibition as smooth, rounded, morphologically uniform crystals formed. Shear stress and viscosity decreased by 45% and 49%, respectively.
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