Flood dynamics and its spatial prediction using open-channel hydraulics and hydrodynamic model in the dam-controlled river of India

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2023.2225521
Sandipan Ghosh
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Abstract

Abstract The spatial prediction of flood inundation, in the monsoon months (July–October), around the downstream southern part of the Damodar River Basin (Hooghly and Howrah districts of West Bengal) is very uncertain due to analytical lack of database, channel hydraulics and steady or unsteady flow anomaly. Using techniques of flood hydrology and HEC-RAS module of flood prediction, this study estimated the critical hydrological range of recurrent floods (1651–1822 m3 s−1 peak discharge) which are annually observed in the low-lying active floodplains of lower basin. The four days heavy rainfall (52.5 to 268 mm), yielded a runoff range of 10–207 mm which triggered maximum discharge of 7035 m3 s−1, causing havoc flood at downstream. There is possibility of channel shifting and embankmnet breaching during floods in the Mundeswari and Damodar/Amta channel, as Unit Stream Power can exceed 30 Wm−2 in tweleve cross-section stations. During 5-year and 10-year flood event (6676 m3 s−1) the floodplain inundation depth can reach 4–12 m in the Khanakul, and Udaynarayanpur region, having maximum chance of overbank flow. The most vulnerable site of embankment failure and overbank flow is stretch between Rajbalhat and Udaynarayanpur where the flood depth can cross 10 m limit for the critical discharge of 1811 m3 s−1. The flood risk is aggravated because within 42.5 km stretch of lower Damodar the channel can accommodate maximum flow of 1378 m3 s−1 (average flow area of 687 m2) at upstream cross-sections, but at downstream cross-sections the carrying capacity of channel is reduced to 1081 m3 s−1 (21.55 percent reduction) due to increasing siltation and decreasing average flow area (478 m2).
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基于明渠水力学和水动力模型的印度坝控河洪水动力学及其空间预测
由于缺乏数据库分析、渠道水力学分析以及稳定或非稳定流动异常,Damodar河下游南部(西孟加拉邦Hooghly和Howrah地区)季风月份(7 - 10月)洪水淹没的空间预测存在很大的不确定性。利用洪水水文学技术和洪水预测的HEC-RAS模块,估算了下游盆地低洼活动洪泛区每年观测到的周期性洪水(1651 ~ 1822 m3 s−1洪峰流量)的临界水文范围。4天的强降雨(52.5 ~ 268毫米)产生了10 ~ 207毫米的径流量,最大流量为7035 m3 s - 1,造成了下游的严重洪灾。由于12个断面站的单位流功率超过30 Wm−2,在蒙德瓦里和Damodar/Amta河道洪水期间有可能发生河道移动和河堤决口。在5年和10年洪水事件(6676 m3 s−1)中,Khanakul和Udaynarayanpur地区洪泛区淹没深度可达4-12 m,发生溢水的可能性最大。在Rajbalhat和Udaynarayanpur之间的路段,洪水深度可以超过10 m的极限,达到1811 m3 s - 1的临界流量。在达摩达尔下游42.5 km区间内,上游断面最大流量为1378 m3 s−1(平均流面积为687 m2),而下游断面由于淤积增加,平均流面积减少(478 m2),河道的承载能力减少至1081 m3 s−1(减少21.55%),从而加剧了洪水风险。
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