AGROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF BIOPREPARATIONS IN A HIGHLY CROP ROTATION

О. М. Berdnikov, V. Volkohon, L. Potapenko, S. Kozar
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Objective. Determine the parameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic elements withby-products of crops under the use of mineral and green-manure-mineral fertilization systems andmicrobial preparations. Methods. Field experiment, agrochemical, balance, statistical. Results.Under the conditions of short crop rotation “winter wheat – intermediate green manure – corn forgrain – soybean – winter wheat”, the influence of microbial preparations Biogran (on the basis ofnitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense 410 and physiologically active substances) forcorn and Nitro-Legu (on the basis of complex of diazotrophs Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense and polysaccharide) for soybeans on crop yields, uptake of by-products in the soil,balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depending on fertilization systems. Under exposureto biopreparations, uptake of corn by-product in the soil increased by 1.41–2.12 t/ha, soybeans —by 0.51–0.71 t/ha of dry matter, depending on the agrarian backgrounds, which, taking into account the humification factors, can provide soil replenishment with humus at the level of 0.31 to0.47 t/ha and 0.12–0.17 t/ha, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus balances, as well as their intensity under the mineral fertilization system were positive. Green-manure-mineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of seeds helped to improve the parameters compared to the mineral fertilization system. Potassium balance was slightly deficient (–16.2 to 20.4 kg/ha at a balanceintensity of 78–80 %) under exposure to the mineral fertilization system and positive under exposure to green-manure-mineral system. Microbial preparations helped to improve parameters. Additional uptake of the biogenic element compounds in the soil provided an increase in the yield ofwinter wheat. According to the results of the evaluation of the balance of the key nutrients, a satisfactory ecological balance was created in the short crop rotation under exposure to green-manuremineral fertilization system and pre-sowing bacterization of corn and soybean seeds. Conclusion. Upon evaluation of the efficacy of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies, theparameters of uptake of organic matter and biogenic element compounds with by-products in the arable soil layer should be taken into account along with their direct effect on yield formation andproduct quality.
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高度轮作中生物修复效果的农化评价
目标。测定在使用矿物和绿粪肥-矿物施肥系统和微生物制剂的情况下,作物副产品对有机物和生物源元素的吸收参数。方法。田间试验、农化、平衡、统计。结果。在“冬小麦-中间绿肥-玉米-大豆-冬小麦”短轮作条件下,以固氮菌巴西固氮螺旋菌410和生理活性物质为基础的微生物制剂Biogran玉米和以重氮营养菌日本根瘤菌、巴西固氮螺旋菌和多糖为基础的硝化legu大豆对作物产量的影响。土壤副产物的吸收,取决于施肥系统的氮、磷和钾的平衡。在生物修复条件下,土壤对玉米副产物的干物质吸收量增加1.41 ~ 2.12 t/ha,大豆的干物质吸收量增加0.51 ~ 0.71 t/ha,这取决于不同的农业背景,考虑腐殖化因素,土壤对腐殖质的补充水平分别为0.31 ~ 0.47 t/ha和0.12 ~ 0.17 t/ha。氮素和磷平衡及其强度在矿肥系统下为正。绿色粪肥-矿物施肥系统和播种前的种子杀菌有助于改善矿质施肥系统的各项参数。钾肥平衡略显不足(平衡强度为78 ~ 80%时为-16.2 ~ 20.4 kg/ hm2),而绿粪矿混合施肥系统则为正平衡。微生物制剂有助于改善参数。土壤中生物元素化合物的额外吸收增加了冬小麦的产量。根据关键养分平衡评价结果,在短轮作条件下,采用绿肥施肥和玉米、大豆种子播前杀菌处理,形成了较为满意的生态平衡。结论。在评价作物栽培技术中微生物制剂的功效时,应考虑土壤对有机质和副产物的生物源元素化合物的吸收参数及其对产量形成和产品质量的直接影响。
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