Seasonal and geographical variations in insecticide and miticide residues in hop samples produced across three hop-growing regions in the Czech Republic during the years 2018–2020

M. Dušek, J. Vostřel, Kamila Kalachová, Vladimíra Jandovská
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the presence of zoocide (insecticide and miticide) residues in hops collected in three hop-growing regions located in the Czech Republic, and to assess their zoocide profiles and residue levels in terms of variability in temperature and precipitation across the 2018–2020 seasons. Furthermore, the weather factors that influenced the occurrence of hop pests are described and discussed. During our 3-year survey, a total of 120 samples of whole-cone hops samples harvested in three hop-growing regions were analysed for the presence of 29 insecticides and miticides using the modified QuEChERS extraction method, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A majority, 119 of 120 samples, contained a residue of at least one of the active substances surveyed in this study, and 34 analysed samples contained multiple residues with three to four zoocides presented. Concerning the most frequently detected zoocide residues, spirotetramat and/or its metabolites were found in 94.2% of the samples at levels ranging from 0.02 to 1.08 mg/kg. Of the other zoocides surveyed, residues of fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, bifenazate and lambda-cyhalothrin were routinely found in hop cone samples. Obtained data were then used for evaluating seasonal and geographical variations in the profile of zoocide residues among the hop-growing regions in the years 2018–2020, and the compliance with legal regulations concerning the use of zoocides on hops was ascertained. The results showed that (1) the profile and levels of zoocide residues found in the samples reflected seasonal prevalence of pest infestation on hop plants; (2) the strategy to control pests (especially aphids) used in most of hop yards was consistent across the seasons; and (3) a concentration of spirotetramat residues less than 1 mg/kg was typical for hops grown in the Czech Republic.
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2018-2020年期间,捷克共和国三个啤酒花种植区生产的啤酒花样品中杀虫剂和杀虫剂残留的季节和地理变化
本研究的目的是确定在捷克共和国三个啤酒花种植区收集的啤酒花中是否存在杀虫剂(杀虫剂和杀螨剂)残留,并根据2018-2020年季节的温度和降水变化评估其杀虫剂分布和残留水平。并对影响啤酒花害虫发生的天气因素进行了描述和讨论。在为期3年的调查中,我们利用改进的QuEChERS提取方法,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法和气相色谱-串联质谱法,对3个啤酒花产区的120份全锥啤酒花样品进行了29种杀虫剂和杀螨剂的分析。120个样本中的119个样本中含有至少一种活性物质的残留,34个分析样本中含有三到四种杀虫剂的多重残留。在最常检测到的杀虫剂残留中,在94.2%的样品中发现了螺虫和/或其代谢物,含量范围为0.02至1.08 mg/kg。在调查的其他灭虫剂中,在啤酒花锥样品中经常发现芬吡肟、己噻唑、联苯肼和高效氯氟氰菊酯的残留。利用获得的数据,对2018-2020年啤酒花产区杀虫药残留特征的季节和地理变化进行了评估,并确定了啤酒花杀虫药使用的法律法规遵守情况。结果表明:(1)啤酒花中杀虫剂残留量的分布和水平反映了啤酒花虫害的季节性流行;(2)大部分啤酒花庭院的害虫(尤其是蚜虫)防治策略在不同季节具有一致性;(3)捷克共和国啤酒花中螺虫残留浓度低于1 mg/kg。
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