Stress Among Parents of Hospitalized Infants in NICU: Effects on Parental Needs and Expectations

Abstract

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment has the potential to exacerbate stress for parents of infants admitted to the unit. This study investigated the stress among parents of hospitalized infants in neonatal intensive care unit, and its effects on parental needs and expectations. Convenient sampling method was used to select 216 parents of at-risk infants in the NICU from two Teaching Hospitals in the South-East Zone of Nigeria. Two research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Parental Self - report Scale on coping measures were used to measure the stress among the parents. A parent - infant demographic information was obtained and used to determine the extent to which the characteristics serve as stress predictors. Mean score, standard deviation (SD) and Spearman Rank correlation Coefficient (rho) were used to answer the research questions while Chi-square, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were adopted in testing the null hypotheses at 0.01 level of significance. Parental stress for NICU infant behaviour and appearance significantly correlated with parental role alteration while infant gestational age correlated with parental stress for NICU staff behaviour and communication. Significant differences resulted in parental self-report of coping measures and their role alterations with regard to number of children born by parents and across the fertility history of the parents respectively. Parents of infants in the NICU need to take more active part in decision making and care of their infants.