The laboratory measurement of human anger

R.R. Hutchinson, G.E. Pierce , G.S. Emley, T.J. Proni, R.A. Sauer
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引用次数: 24

Abstract

A method was developed for the unobtrusive measurement of the frequency, duration, and intensity of nonfunctional jaw contractions in humans. Employing this method, several experiments explored the environmental causes of jaw clenching. Jaw contractions were differentially increased by the delivery of noise, the cessation of cigarette smoking, or the termination or reduction of both response-dependent and response-independent money and points convertible into money. In another experiment progressive increases and decreases in amounts of response-independent money decreased and increased jaw clenching. The recent history of reinforcement magnitude was more influential than the absolute level of contemporary reinforcement. The temporal distribution of jaw clenching relative to either reinforcement-maintained or reinforcement-independent concurrent responding closely paralleled relationships which have been previously reported between overt attack behavior in animal species and comparable experimental operations. Occasional instances of overt aggressive behavior corresponded to increased frequencies of jaw clenching. In humans, jaw contractions appear to be a sensitive and valid measure of the propensity to attack.

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人类愤怒的实验室测量
一种方法被开发为不显眼的测量频率,持续时间和强度的非功能性颌骨收缩在人类。采用这种方法,几个实验探讨了环境原因的咬牙切齿。噪音的传递、戒烟、反应依赖和反应独立的金钱和兑换成金钱的点数的终止或减少,都不同程度地增加了下颌收缩。在另一项实验中,与反应无关的钱的数量逐渐增加和减少,紧咬下巴的次数减少和增加。近期加固强度的历史影响大于当代加固的绝对水平。与先前报道的动物物种的公开攻击行为和可比较的实验操作之间的关系密切相似的是,相对于维持强化或独立于强化的并发反应,紧咬牙的时间分布。偶尔出现的明显的攻击性行为与紧锁下巴的频率增加相对应。在人类中,下颌收缩似乎是一种敏感而有效的衡量攻击倾向的方法。
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