3D bioprinting and scaffold-free strategies for fabrication of multi-cellular tissues or organoids

IF 6.8 3区 医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL International Journal of Bioprinting Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI:10.36922/ijb.0135
Haoyu Li, Huixing Zhou, Chongwen Xu, Yen Wei, Xiuying Tang
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Abstract

The biofabrication of multi-cellular tissues or organoids (MTOs) has been challenging in regenerative medicine for decades. Currently, two primary technological approaches are being explored: scaffold-based strategies utilizing three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques and scaffold-free strategies employing bioassembly techniques. 3D bioprinting techniques include jetting-based, extrusion-based, and vat photopolymerization-based methods, and bioassembly techniques include Kenzan, fluid-based manipulation and microfluid, bioprinting-assisted tissue emergence, and aspiration-assisted technology methods. Scaffold-based strategies primarily concentrate on the construction of scaffold structures to provide an extracellular environment, while scaffold-free strategies primarily emphasize the assembly methods of building blocks. Different biofabrication technologies have their advantages and limitations. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies in tissue engineering. It also compares the strengths and weaknesses of these two strategies, along with their respective suitability under different conditions. Moreover, the significant challenges in the future development of convergence strategies, specifically the integration of scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches, are examined in an objective manner. This review concludes that integrating scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies could overcome the problems in the biofabrication of MTOs. A novel fabrication method, the BioMicroMesh method, is proposed based on the convergence strategy. Concurrently, the development of a desktop-scale integrated intelligent biofabrication device, the BioMicroMesh system, is underway. This system is tailored to the BioMicroMesh method and incorporates cell aggregate spheroids preparation, 3D bioprinting, bioassembly, and multi-organoid co-culture functions, providing an objective perspective on its capabilities.
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用于制造多细胞组织或类器官的3D生物打印和无支架策略
几十年来,多细胞组织或类器官(MTOs)的生物制造一直是再生医学领域的一个挑战。目前,人们正在探索两种主要的技术途径:利用三维生物打印技术的基于支架的策略和利用生物组装技术的无支架策略。生物3D打印技术包括基于喷射、基于挤压和基于还原光聚合的方法,生物组装技术包括Kenzan、基于流体的操作和微流体、生物打印辅助组织涌现和吸气辅助技术方法。基于支架的策略主要集中于支架结构的构建以提供细胞外环境,而无支架策略主要强调构建块的组装方法。不同的生物制造技术有其优点和局限性。本文综述了组织工程中基于支架和无支架策略的机制、优点和局限性。并比较了这两种策略的优缺点,以及它们在不同条件下的适用性。此外,以客观的方式审查了未来融合策略发展中的重大挑战,特别是基于支架和无支架方法的整合。综上所述,结合基于支架和无支架的策略可以克服mto生物制造中存在的问题。基于收敛策略,提出了一种新的制作方法——BioMicroMesh方法。与此同时,桌面级集成智能生物制造设备BioMicroMesh系统的开发正在进行中。该系统是为BioMicroMesh方法量身定制的,结合了细胞聚集体球体制备、3D生物打印、生物组装和多器官共培养功能,为其能力提供了客观的视角。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
4.80%
发文量
81
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Bioprinting is a globally recognized publication that focuses on the advancements, scientific discoveries, and practical implementations of Bioprinting. Bioprinting, in simple terms, involves the utilization of 3D printing technology and materials that contain living cells or biological components to fabricate tissues or other biotechnological products. Our journal encompasses interdisciplinary research that spans across technology, science, and clinical applications within the expansive realm of Bioprinting.
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