Découverte du premier virus, le virus de la mosaïque du tabac : 1892 ou 1898 ?

Hervé Lecoq
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引用次数: 19

Abstract

Two scientists contributed to the discovery of the first virus, Tobacco mosaic virus. Ivanoski reported in 1892 that extracts from infected leaves were still infectious after filtration through a Chamberland filter-candle. Bacteria are retained by such filters, a new world was discovered : filterable pathogens. However, Ivanovski probably did not grasp the full meaning of his discovery. Beijerinck, in 1898, was the first to call ‘virus’, the incitant of the tobacco mosaic. He showed that the incitant was able to migrate in an agar gel, therefore being an infectious soluble agent, or a ‘contagium vivum fluidum’ and definitively not a ‘contagium fixum’ as would be a bacteria. Ivanovski and Beijerinck brought unequal but decisive and complementary contributions to the discovery of viruses. Since then, discoveries made on Tobacco mosaic virus have stood out as milestones of virology history.

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第一个病毒——烟草花叶病毒的发现:1892年还是1898年?
两位科学家对第一种病毒烟草花叶病毒的发现做出了贡献。伊凡诺斯基在1892年报告说,从被感染的叶子中提取的提取物在经过Chamberland过滤蜡烛过滤后仍然具有传染性。细菌被这样的过滤器保留,一个新的世界被发现:可过滤病原体。然而,伊万诺夫斯基可能没有领会到他的发现的全部意义。1898年,拜耶林克第一个将“病毒”称为烟草花叶病的诱因。他证明了这种刺激物能够在琼脂凝胶中迁移,因此它是一种传染性的可溶性媒介,或者说是一种"传染病毒"而绝对不是一种"固定传染病毒"就像一种细菌。伊万诺夫斯基和拜耶林克对病毒的发现作出了不相等但具有决定性和互补性的贡献。从那时起,烟草花叶病毒的发现成为病毒学历史上的里程碑。
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