INFLUENCE OF REPRODUCTION ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the effect of seed reproduction on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The studies were carried out in 2015-2018 on the winter common wheat variety Yuzhanka, jointly bred by the Institute of Agriculture of the KBSC RAS and the N.N. P. P. Lukyanenko in the conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. In the experiments, changes in the yield structure and grain quality were studied depending on reproduction on the crops of the breeding nursery, superelite, elite, reproductive seeds (1-4) and mass reproduction. According to the studies, the yield structure of the winter soft wheat variety Yuzhanka changed from breeding nursery to mass reproduction. Yield variation on average over the years of research on reproductions was 42.2-48.6 c/ha, with a predominance in the breeding nursery. Such indicators as the number of productive stems from 407 to 342 pcs/m2, grain weight per ear from 1.23 to 1.11 g and weight of 1000 seeds from 41.3 to 38.3 g and other indicators also decreased. The productivity and quality indicators of winter wheat tend to decrease as seeds of different reproductions are used for sowing, that is, from seeds of the breeding nursery to mass reproduction. It should be noted that in adjacent reproductions, the indicators do not differ much. The results of the research showed that as reproduction decreases, the number of grains, the weight of grain from 1 ear and the weight of 1000 seeds. The content of protein and gluten also decreased by 0.6 and 1.0%, respectively, when comparing elite seeds with mass reproduction. The vitreousness of the grain, when using seeds of mass reproductions, decreased by 2.5% compared to the elite.