Larvicidal effects of ethanol extracts on leaves and fruits of Physalis angulata L. on the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes from Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Animal Research International Pub Date : 2010-06-29 DOI:10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55984

C. Nnamani, O. Ani, Gregory Belunwu

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引用次数: 4

Abstract

The larvicidal activities of ethanol extracts of leaves and fruits of Physalis angulata L. on the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes were investigated. Larval mortalities were recorded within 30 minutes of contact with the plant extracts. Leaf extracts of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations caused 61%, 80% 91% and 92% mortalities while the same concentrations o fruit extracts caused 38%, 47%, 72% and 83% mortalties respectively. A combination of leaf and fruit extracts exerted synergistic effects and caused higher mortality rates of 67%, 84%, 91% and 95% mortalties at the same concentrations and time. The results also showed that the larvicidal effects of the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts increased wth increase in concentration. Significant result was observed for the synergy with 20% extract causing 95% mortality. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid (2.0%), cyanide (0.30%), flavonoid (15.5%), phytate (0.02%), saponin (2.0%) and tannin (0.05%) in the leaf and 0.01%, 0.2%, 13.2%0.01%, 1% 0.03% respectivelyinthe fruit Keywords: Larvicidal, Effects, Physalis angulata , Anopheles, Synergy, Ebonyi State

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角Physalis叶片和果实乙醇提取物对尼日利亚Ebonyi州按蚊幼虫的杀虫效果

研究了角Physalis叶片和果实乙醇提取物对按蚊幼虫的杀灭作用。幼虫在接触植物提取物30分钟内死亡。5%、10%、15%和20%浓度叶提取物的死亡率分别为61%、80%、91%和92%，而相同浓度果实提取物的死亡率分别为38%、47%、72%和83%。在相同浓度和时间下，叶和果提取物组合具有协同效应，死亡率分别为67%、84%、91%和95%。结果还表明，叶提取物、果实提取物和协同提取物的杀虫效果随浓度的增加而增强。20%提取物的协同作用效果显著，死亡率为95%。方差分析(ANOVA)表明，叶片、果实和协同提取物之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。初步植物化学分析结果显示，叶中生物碱(2.0%)、氰化物(0.30%)、类黄酮(15.5%)、植酸盐(0.02%)、皂苷(2.0%)和单宁(0.05%)的含量分别为0.01%、0.2%、13.2%、0.01%和1% 0.03%。关键词:杀幼虫，效果，角Physalis，按蚊，Synergy, Ebonyi State

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Animal Research International

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