G. Ugwu, J. V. Egbuji, Laureta Chinagorom Okanya, J. N. Omeje, Joseph Effiong Eyo
Gene therapy can be defined as the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease. It is also an experimental medical treatment that manipulates a gene or genes within cells in order to produce proteins that change the function of those cells. The physiological applications, problems and prospects of gene therapy are reviewed in this study. The different types of gene therapy such as germline gene therapy, somatic gene therapy and chimeraplasty gene therapy are discussed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nanoparticles, sonoporation, electroporation and gene gun are the techniques used in gene therapy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used in medical and biological research. Nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of drug and gene delivery to target cells. Sonoporation allows uptake of large molecules of DNA into the cell, in a process called cell transformation. Electroporation is highly efficient for the introduction of foreign genes in tissue culture cells, in tumor treatment and cell-based therapy. A gene gun is a device for injecting cells with genetic information to plant cells. Gene therapy is applied in medicine, agriculture, loss and gain of function, tracking and expression studies. Some problems bedeviling gene therapy include insertional mutagenesis, mutagenic disorders, problem of viral vectors, immune response etc. Gene therapy has the potential to eliminate and prevent hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and is a possible cure for Alziehmer’s disease and cancer, enhance agricultural productivity of farm animals, and in the production of genetically modified animals (GMOs) which will further help in medical and biomedical research. Keywords: Gene therapy, Chimeraplasty, Nanoparticles, Sonoporation, Electroporation, Gene gun, Polymerase chain reaction
{"title":"Gene therapy, physiological applications, problems and prospects - a review","authors":"G. Ugwu, J. V. Egbuji, Laureta Chinagorom Okanya, J. N. Omeje, Joseph Effiong Eyo","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V16I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V16I2","url":null,"abstract":"Gene therapy can be defined as the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease. It is also an experimental medical treatment that manipulates a gene or genes within cells in order to produce proteins that change the function of those cells. The physiological applications, problems and prospects of gene therapy are reviewed in this study. The different types of gene therapy such as germline gene therapy, somatic gene therapy and chimeraplasty gene therapy are discussed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nanoparticles, sonoporation, electroporation and gene gun are the techniques used in gene therapy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used in medical and biological research. Nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of drug and gene delivery to target cells. Sonoporation allows uptake of large molecules of DNA into the cell, in a process called cell transformation. Electroporation is highly efficient for the introduction of foreign genes in tissue culture cells, in tumor treatment and cell-based therapy. A gene gun is a device for injecting cells with genetic information to plant cells. Gene therapy is applied in medicine, agriculture, loss and gain of function, tracking and expression studies. Some problems bedeviling gene therapy include insertional mutagenesis, mutagenic disorders, problem of viral vectors, immune response etc. Gene therapy has the potential to eliminate and prevent hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and is a possible cure for Alziehmer’s disease and cancer, enhance agricultural productivity of farm animals, and in the production of genetically modified animals (GMOs) which will further help in medical and biomedical research. Keywords: Gene therapy, Chimeraplasty, Nanoparticles, Sonoporation, Electroporation, Gene gun, Polymerase chain reaction","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"7 1","pages":"3367-3392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85311669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Njokuocha, Kingsley Ikechukwu Dim, Ogochukwu Kosi Onyejekwe, Victor Uchenna Nwokorie
Honey is a commonly preferred natural food product because it is composed of complex organic and inorganic substances that impart nutritional and therapeutic properties to it. Because the concentrations of these substances vary with location and affected by anthropogenic factors, it becomes pertinent to determine the level of occurrence of this substances necessary for quality assessment of honey. The aims of this study were to ascertain the concentrations of some major mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na), some trace elements (Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni) as well as the pH and pollen spectra of honey samples sourced from six locations in Nigeria. The mineral elements which were analysed with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) showed that the most abundant minerals were Ca and K, while Fe and Ni were the most abundant trace elements. The low level of the trace elements shows that the source environments of the honeys are uncontaminated. The results also showed that the honey samples were acidic with a range of 3.5 ± 0.02 – 4.72 ± 0.01 acidic level. Pollen analysis showed that the honeys were multiflora indicating that they were formed from multiple flora. Keywords: Mineral elements, Trace elements, pH, pollen, Multiple flora, Multiflora honey
{"title":"Determination of the concentration of some mineral elements and pollen spectra of Apis mellifera L. honeys from different locations in Nigeria","authors":"R. Njokuocha, Kingsley Ikechukwu Dim, Ogochukwu Kosi Onyejekwe, Victor Uchenna Nwokorie","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V16I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V16I1","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is a commonly preferred natural food product because it is composed of complex organic and inorganic substances that impart nutritional and therapeutic properties to it. Because the concentrations of these substances vary with location and affected by anthropogenic factors, it becomes pertinent to determine the level of occurrence of this substances necessary for quality assessment of honey. The aims of this study were to ascertain the concentrations of some major mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Na), some trace elements (Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni) as well as the pH and pollen spectra of honey samples sourced from six locations in Nigeria. The mineral elements which were analysed with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) showed that the most abundant minerals were Ca and K, while Fe and Ni were the most abundant trace elements. The low level of the trace elements shows that the source environments of the honeys are uncontaminated. The results also showed that the honey samples were acidic with a range of 3.5 ± 0.02 – 4.72 ± 0.01 acidic level. Pollen analysis showed that the honeys were multiflora indicating that they were formed from multiple flora. Keywords: Mineral elements, Trace elements, pH, pollen, Multiple flora, Multiflora honey","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"4 1","pages":"3186-3197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87617904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative study on bacterial load and diversity on the intestine, skin and gills of cultured Clarias gariepinus from concrete and tarpaulin tanks were investigated. Determination of bacterial loads, species characterization and composition in fish parts were done using standard microbiological procedures. Results of the assay showed high bacterial count in intestine and gills of fish from both culture tanks. Heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 1.7 x 10 4 cfu/ml on skin of catfish cultured in tarpaulin tank to 2.6 x 10 4 cfu/ml in gills of catfish from both systems, while the total coliform count ranged from 1.2 x 10 4 cfu/ml in the gills to 3.9 x 10 4 cfu/ml in the intestine. The Salmonella count was higher in the intestine of catfish in both systems, while the highest vibrio counts of 4.2 – 4.6 x 10 4 cfu/ml was recorded in the gills of catfish from tarpaulin tank. In both culture systems, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Escherichia coli, were not observed on fish skin. The Bacterial organisms isolated included: E scherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Shigella sonnei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus volgaris. S. epidermidis accounted for the highest frequency of occurrence (75.0 %) in concrete tank, while K. pneumoniae had the least frequency of occurrence (2.0 %) in tarpaulin tank. The bacterial flora recovered composed of potential pathogenic organisms of public health interest. Keywords : Aquaculture, Bacterial load, Catfish, Concrete and tarpaulin tanks
{"title":"Comparative study of the bacterial load and species diversity in the African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) cultured in contrasting aquaculture tanks in Uyo, Nigeria","authors":"M. U. Effiong, Imoh Nathaniel Isaac","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V16I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V16I3","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative study on bacterial load and diversity on the intestine, skin and gills of cultured Clarias gariepinus from concrete and tarpaulin tanks were investigated. Determination of bacterial loads, species characterization and composition in fish parts were done using standard microbiological procedures. Results of the assay showed high bacterial count in intestine and gills of fish from both culture tanks. Heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 1.7 x 10 4 cfu/ml on skin of catfish cultured in tarpaulin tank to 2.6 x 10 4 cfu/ml in gills of catfish from both systems, while the total coliform count ranged from 1.2 x 10 4 cfu/ml in the gills to 3.9 x 10 4 cfu/ml in the intestine. The Salmonella count was higher in the intestine of catfish in both systems, while the highest vibrio counts of 4.2 – 4.6 x 10 4 cfu/ml was recorded in the gills of catfish from tarpaulin tank. In both culture systems, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Escherichia coli, were not observed on fish skin. The Bacterial organisms isolated included: E scherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia liquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Shigella sonnei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus volgaris. S. epidermidis accounted for the highest frequency of occurrence (75.0 %) in concrete tank, while K. pneumoniae had the least frequency of occurrence (2.0 %) in tarpaulin tank. The bacterial flora recovered composed of potential pathogenic organisms of public health interest. Keywords : Aquaculture, Bacterial load, Catfish, Concrete and tarpaulin tanks","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"28 1","pages":"3443-3449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74678823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Control of Anopheles vector is effective in halting malaria. Entrapping them by deceit with semiochemicals they must respond to could be sustainable control approach but poverty and other impediments prevent use of such luring strategy in Sub Saharan Africa. Elaeis guineensis could be alternative accessible and cheap unexplored source of semiochemicals for mosquitoes control. We evaluated the response of Anopheles mosquitoes to categories of palm wine. Anopheles larvae were selected from mosquito juveniles collected from egbaite. At emergence, female mosquitoes were subjected to a 2-way olfactometer to evaluate their responses to odours from 4 categories of palm wines. Fresh up-palm wine attracted 50.00 ± 5.77% of mosquitoes, its sub-category, ebacha up-wine, attracted 45 %. Fresh down-wine attracted 70 % of vectors as against 68.33 % of ebacha down-wine. The foregoing categories compared to the control attracted significantly more mosquitoes (respectively, p = 0.007; p = 0.005; p = 0.002; p = 0.001). Comparison of fresh up-wine with fresh downwine showed that significantly more mosquitoes visited down-wine (t = - 5.060, p = 0.007). Ebacha up-wine and ebacha down-wine comparison revealed that significantly more mosquitoes visited ebacha down-wine (t = - 4.950, p = 0.008). The preference indices calculated for the 4 categories of palm wine ranged from 57.27 ± 14.90 to 85.98 ± 7.73. Palm wines are attractive to Anopheles mosquitoes. Down-wine was more effective attractant. Up wine lost its activity faster than down-wine. Palm wines could sustainably be employed in malaria vector control programmes.Keywords: Malaria/mosquito control, Anopheles, Elaeis guineensis, Semiochemicals, Palm wine, 2-way olfactometer
{"title":"INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN UMUDIKE, IKWUANO LGA ABIA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"O. M. Ukpai, C. M. Ekedo","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V15I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V15I3","url":null,"abstract":"Control of Anopheles vector is effective in halting malaria. Entrapping them by deceit with semiochemicals they must respond to could be sustainable control approach but poverty and other impediments prevent use of such luring strategy in Sub Saharan Africa. Elaeis guineensis could be alternative accessible and cheap unexplored source of semiochemicals for mosquitoes control. We evaluated the response of Anopheles mosquitoes to categories of palm wine. Anopheles larvae were selected from mosquito juveniles collected from egbaite. At emergence, female mosquitoes were subjected to a 2-way olfactometer to evaluate their responses to odours from 4 categories of palm wines. Fresh up-palm wine attracted 50.00 ± 5.77% of mosquitoes, its sub-category, ebacha up-wine, attracted 45 %. Fresh down-wine attracted 70 % of vectors as against 68.33 % of ebacha down-wine. The foregoing categories compared to the control attracted significantly more mosquitoes (respectively, p = 0.007; p = 0.005; p = 0.002; p = 0.001). Comparison of fresh up-wine with fresh downwine showed that significantly more mosquitoes visited down-wine (t = - 5.060, p = 0.007). Ebacha up-wine and ebacha down-wine comparison revealed that significantly more mosquitoes visited ebacha down-wine (t = - 4.950, p = 0.008). The preference indices calculated for the 4 categories of palm wine ranged from 57.27 ± 14.90 to 85.98 ± 7.73. Palm wines are attractive to Anopheles mosquitoes. Down-wine was more effective attractant. Up wine lost its activity faster than down-wine. Palm wines could sustainably be employed in malaria vector control programmes.Keywords: Malaria/mosquito control, Anopheles, Elaeis guineensis, Semiochemicals, Palm wine, 2-way olfactometer","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"717 1","pages":"3082-3089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75705258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Amadi, P. C. Ubiaru, G. Ugagu, B. N. Ibediugha, I. A. Obeagu, Ann Njikeonye
Fishes are known for their abilities to concentrate heavy metals in their muscles and since they play important role in human nutrition, they need to be carefully screened to ensure that unnecessary high level of some toxic trace metals are not being transfer to man through their consumption. The study was to evaluate heavy metals (chromium, lead, iron and cadmium) in imported and local species of shrimps, crabs and fish using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The selected imported species were horse mackerelkote fish (Trachurus trachurus), mackerel - titus (Scomber scrombus), croaker (Pseudotolithus typus), smooth swim crab (Portunus validus) and pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus notialis) while the local species used were; Sole fish (Cynoglossus senegalensis), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), brackish water catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus), freshwater catfish (Clarias gariepinus), lagoon crab (Callinectes amnicola) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium macrobrachion). It was observed that there was no significant difference in the metals (Cd, Pb and Cr) between the imported and local fish species and between imported and local crustacean species. However, these metals concentrated more in the local fish species, O. niloticus (1.846 ± 1.00 mg/100g). The mean heavy metals concentration occurred in the following decreasing order: Fe > Cd > Pb > Cr for all the samples. The mean concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals in the samples were below the maximum permissible limits as recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) for heavy metals in fish.Keywords: Fish, Shrimp, Crab, Heavy metal, Chromium, Lead, Iron
{"title":"Preliminary study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs managed and slaughtered in Umuahia north local government area of Abia State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Amadi, P. C. Ubiaru, G. Ugagu, B. N. Ibediugha, I. A. Obeagu, Ann Njikeonye","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V15I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V15I2","url":null,"abstract":"Fishes are known for their abilities to concentrate heavy metals in their muscles and since they play important role in human nutrition, they need to be carefully screened to ensure that unnecessary high level of some toxic trace metals are not being transfer to man through their consumption. The study was to evaluate heavy metals (chromium, lead, iron and cadmium) in imported and local species of shrimps, crabs and fish using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The selected imported species were horse mackerelkote fish (Trachurus trachurus), mackerel - titus (Scomber scrombus), croaker (Pseudotolithus typus), smooth swim crab (Portunus validus) and pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus notialis) while the local species used were; Sole fish (Cynoglossus senegalensis), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), brackish water catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus), freshwater catfish (Clarias gariepinus), lagoon crab (Callinectes amnicola) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium macrobrachion). It was observed that there was no significant difference in the metals (Cd, Pb and Cr) between the imported and local fish species and between imported and local crustacean species. However, these metals concentrated more in the local fish species, O. niloticus (1.846 ± 1.00 mg/100g). The mean heavy metals concentration occurred in the following decreasing order: Fe > Cd > Pb > Cr for all the samples. The mean concentrations of the analyzed heavy metals in the samples were below the maximum permissible limits as recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) for heavy metals in fish.Keywords: Fish, Shrimp, Crab, Heavy metal, Chromium, Lead, Iron","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":"3013-3019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88750889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of increasing the optimum replacement level of maize with rumen liquor fermented cassava peels (RLFCP) with enzyme (E) supplementation in rabbit diets was evaluated in 56-day feeding trial using a 2 x 3 factorial experimental design. The E supplementation significantly increased (p 0.05) in the rabbit FLW, TWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, RLFCP inclusion at various levels significantly increased (p<0.05) the daily feed intake (DFI). The slaughtered weight, skin, head and limb, kidneys, gall bladder and gastro intestinal tract were significantly affected (p<0.05) by dietary RLFCP levels. RLFCP inclusion significantly increased (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV) and lymphocyte (LYM) levels. Enzyme x RLFCP was significant increased (p<0.05) the number of red blood cells. Equally, the concentrations of albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and glucose were significantly affected (p<0.001) by the level of RLFCP in the diets such that replacement level of maize for RLFCP lead to increase in albumin and glucose, alkaline phosphate, while the effect of the replacement levels did not follow a particular trend for amylase and glucose. Addition of multi-enzyme at 0.35 g/kg level led to improvement in weight gain of the rabbits. Keywords: Fermented cassava peels, Rabbits, Enzyme supplementation, Blood profiles, Health status
{"title":"Influence of enzyme supplementation on rabbits fed rumen liquor with poultry waste fermented cassava peels based diets","authors":"O. Oloruntola","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V15I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V15I1","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of increasing the optimum replacement level of maize with rumen liquor fermented cassava peels (RLFCP) with enzyme (E) supplementation in rabbit diets was evaluated in 56-day feeding trial using a 2 x 3 factorial experimental design. The E supplementation significantly increased (p 0.05) in the rabbit FLW, TWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, RLFCP inclusion at various levels significantly increased (p<0.05) the daily feed intake (DFI). The slaughtered weight, skin, head and limb, kidneys, gall bladder and gastro intestinal tract were significantly affected (p<0.05) by dietary RLFCP levels. RLFCP inclusion significantly increased (p<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV) and lymphocyte (LYM) levels. Enzyme x RLFCP was significant increased (p<0.05) the number of red blood cells. Equally, the concentrations of albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and glucose were significantly affected (p<0.001) by the level of RLFCP in the diets such that replacement level of maize for RLFCP lead to increase in albumin and glucose, alkaline phosphate, while the effect of the replacement levels did not follow a particular trend for amylase and glucose. Addition of multi-enzyme at 0.35 g/kg level led to improvement in weight gain of the rabbits. Keywords: Fermented cassava peels, Rabbits, Enzyme supplementation, Blood profiles, Health status","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73825146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bedbugs are cosmopolitan insects of public health importance. Their characteristic biting and blood feeding activities result in both physical symptoms and psychological distress in affected hosts. This study investigated the incidence of bedbug and control practices among students and indigenes living in two different settlements in Ilorin, Nigeria. Bedbug were surveyed and collected from household materials from fifty apartments randomly selected from each of the new and old student hostels and family houses in Tanke and Oja-Oba area of Ilorin. Bedbugs collected were persevered in 70 % alcohol and identified using taxonomic keys. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on respondent’s demography, perception about bedbug infestation and control practices in sampled houses in the study areas. Sampled data were analysis using percentages. Results from the survey revealed that the number of respondents with knowledge of bedbug was not significant (p>0.05) compared with those without. Family houses in indigenous Oja-Oba study location were the only site with bed-bug infestation. Higher numbers of bedbugs were collected on mattresses. Out of the 200 respondents, 20 (10 %) employed the use of chemical method in bedbug control and precisely, 12 (60 %) of these use a locally made formulation named otapiapia. The intensity of infestation in Oja-Oba and insignificant knowledge of bedbug among the respondents suggest the need to raise the level of public awareness and also canvass for an improved living conditions in the affected areas .
{"title":"Bedbug ( Cimex lectularius ) infestation and its control practices in two selected settlements in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Oduola, A. Omotayo, O. Adelaja, A. Obembe","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V14I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V14I3","url":null,"abstract":"Bedbugs are cosmopolitan insects of public health importance. Their characteristic biting and blood feeding activities result in both physical symptoms and psychological distress in affected hosts. This study investigated the incidence of bedbug and control practices among students and indigenes living in two different settlements in Ilorin, Nigeria. Bedbug were surveyed and collected from household materials from fifty apartments randomly selected from each of the new and old student hostels and family houses in Tanke and Oja-Oba area of Ilorin. Bedbugs collected were persevered in 70 % alcohol and identified using taxonomic keys. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on respondent’s demography, perception about bedbug infestation and control practices in sampled houses in the study areas. Sampled data were analysis using percentages. Results from the survey revealed that the number of respondents with knowledge of bedbug was not significant (p>0.05) compared with those without. Family houses in indigenous Oja-Oba study location were the only site with bed-bug infestation. Higher numbers of bedbugs were collected on mattresses. Out of the 200 respondents, 20 (10 %) employed the use of chemical method in bedbug control and precisely, 12 (60 %) of these use a locally made formulation named otapiapia. The intensity of infestation in Oja-Oba and insignificant knowledge of bedbug among the respondents suggest the need to raise the level of public awareness and also canvass for an improved living conditions in the affected areas .","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"29 1","pages":"2818-2825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79304640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feed expense constitutes the bulk of the whole cost of production in any intensive aquaculture setup in Nigeria. Consequently, feed and feeding stratagems are of paramount interest for feed utilization as well as profit maximization. However, the paucity of documents on the factors affecting feed intake in cultured fish is negatively influencing the efficiency of fish production from aquaculture. Hence, the major factors influencing feed intake by cultured fish are discussed. These factors include management practices, environment conditions, feed quality, inherent genetic factor and physiological condition of the fish. The review would help to increase basic knowledge on the nutrition (with emphasis on feed intake) of aquaculture species for improved management and productivity.
{"title":"Factors affecting feed intake in cultured fish species: A review","authors":"O. J. Eriegha, P. Ekokotu","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V14I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V14I2","url":null,"abstract":"Feed expense constitutes the bulk of the whole cost of production in any intensive aquaculture setup in Nigeria. Consequently, feed and feeding stratagems are of paramount interest for feed utilization as well as profit maximization. However, the paucity of documents on the factors affecting feed intake in cultured fish is negatively influencing the efficiency of fish production from aquaculture. Hence, the major factors influencing feed intake by cultured fish are discussed. These factors include management practices, environment conditions, feed quality, inherent genetic factor and physiological condition of the fish. The review would help to increase basic knowledge on the nutrition (with emphasis on feed intake) of aquaculture species for improved management and productivity.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84246699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Oleforuh-Okoleh, Romanus Francis Kurutsi, Hanson Modhiochi Ideozu
This study was carried out to investigate the anaesthetic characteristics of propofol in rabbits with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Rabbits in two groups (B and C) were anaesthetized respectively with 10 mg/kg propofol intravenously (IV) on days 7 and 14 post unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Healthy rabbits in group A served as the control group and were anaesthetized with propofol (10 mg/kg, IV). Duration of anaesthesia obtained in the control group was significantly (p 0.05) while white blood cell counts of rabbits decreased PPI. Total serum protein (TSP) and blood urea nitrogen levels of the three groups of rabbits increased PPI though not significantly (p>0.05) PPI. Serum potassium, chlorine and bicarbonate levels of rabbits in all the three study groups increased PPI. Propofol at the dose used in this study induced rapid induction and recovery from anaesthesia, adequate depth of anaesthesia with no untoward haematologic and serum biochemical effects in UUO rabbits. However it’s marked respiratory depressant effect and ability to increase serum potassium levels may preclude its use in advanced UUO.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF ANAESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPOFOL IN NON-PREMEDICATED RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED POST RENAL UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION","authors":"V. Oleforuh-Okoleh, Romanus Francis Kurutsi, Hanson Modhiochi Ideozu","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V14I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V14I1","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the anaesthetic characteristics of propofol in rabbits with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Rabbits in two groups (B and C) were anaesthetized respectively with 10 mg/kg propofol intravenously (IV) on days 7 and 14 post unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Healthy rabbits in group A served as the control group and were anaesthetized with propofol (10 mg/kg, IV). Duration of anaesthesia obtained in the control group was significantly (p 0.05) while white blood cell counts of rabbits decreased PPI. Total serum protein (TSP) and blood urea nitrogen levels of the three groups of rabbits increased PPI though not significantly (p>0.05) PPI. Serum potassium, chlorine and bicarbonate levels of rabbits in all the three study groups increased PPI. Propofol at the dose used in this study induced rapid induction and recovery from anaesthesia, adequate depth of anaesthesia with no untoward haematologic and serum biochemical effects in UUO rabbits. However it’s marked respiratory depressant effect and ability to increase serum potassium levels may preclude its use in advanced UUO.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"36 1","pages":"2568-2575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87440432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gross and histo-morphological characteristics of the small intestine of the African pied crow are described in this study. The general gross morphology of the small intestine of these birds follows the basic model of the avian small intestine, except that the jejunum of the African pied crow was organized in the form of cone-shaped spiral coils. The cone-shaped jejunum had centripetal coils, a sigmoid flexure and centrifugal coils. The histology of the wall of the small intestine of the African pied crow revealed four layers of tissues; the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. Morphological modification of these tissue layers was observed, and is thought to be a necessary adaptation for rapid breakdown and absorption of food.
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF THE AFRICAN PIED CROW (Corvus albus)","authors":"U. Igwebuike, U. U. Eze","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V7I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V7I1","url":null,"abstract":"The gross and histo-morphological characteristics of the small intestine of the African pied crow are described in this study. The general gross morphology of the small intestine of these birds follows the basic model of the avian small intestine, except that the jejunum of the African pied crow was organized in the form of cone-shaped spiral coils. The cone-shaped jejunum had centripetal coils, a sigmoid flexure and centrifugal coils. The histology of the wall of the small intestine of the African pied crow revealed four layers of tissues; the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. Morphological modification of these tissue layers was observed, and is thought to be a necessary adaptation for rapid breakdown and absorption of food.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"21 1","pages":"1116-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74250215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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