Particulate air pollution: Major research methods and applications in animal models

Yanan Shang, Qinghua Sun
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Ambient air pollution is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of gaseous and solid particle compounds in which primary particles are emitted directly into the atmosphere, such as diesel soot, while secondary particles are created through physicochemical transformation. Particulate matter (PM), especially fine and ultrafine particles, can be inhaled and deposited in the alveolar cavities and penetrate into circulation. An association between high levels of air pollutants and human disease has been known for more than half a century and increasing evidence demonstrates a strong link between exposure on PM and the development of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Experimental animal models have been extensively used to study the underlying mechanism caused by environmental exposure to ambient PM. Due to their availability, quality, cost, and genetically modified strains, rodent models have been widely used. Some common exposure approaches include intranasal instillation, intratracheal instillation, nose-only inhalation, whole-body inhalation, and intravenous injection have been reviewed with a brief summary of its performance, merit, limitation, and application. We hope this would provide a useful reference in advancing experimental researches about air pollution human health and disease development.
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空气微粒污染:主要研究方法及其在动物模型中的应用
环境空气污染是由气体和固体颗粒化合物的非均匀混合物组成的,其中初级颗粒直接排放到大气中,例如柴油烟尘,而次级颗粒则通过物理化学转化产生。颗粒物(PM),特别是细颗粒和超细颗粒,可被吸入并沉积在肺泡腔中并进入循环。半个多世纪以来,人们已经知道高水平空气污染物与人类疾病之间存在关联,越来越多的证据表明,接触PM与心血管和神经系统疾病等全身性疾病的发展之间存在密切联系。实验动物模型已被广泛用于研究环境暴露于环境PM引起的潜在机制。由于其可获得性、质量、成本和转基因菌株,啮齿动物模型得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了几种常用的暴露方式,包括鼻内滴注、气管内滴注、单鼻吸入、全身吸入和静脉注射,并简要介绍了其性能、优点、局限性和应用。希望为进一步开展空气污染、人体健康和疾病发展的实验研究提供有益的参考。
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