Identifying turbulence features hindering swimming capabilities of grass carp larvae (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through submerged vegetation

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2020.1835566
R. Tinoco, A. F. Prada, A. George, B. H. Stahlschmidt, P. R. Jackson, D. Chapman
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Abstract Aquatic vegetation can provide habitat and refuge for a variety of species in streams. However, the flow features generated by submerged patches of vegetation can also pose a challenge for fish larvae. We conducted a series of experiments with live grass carp larvae (starting ∼50 h post hatch) in a laboratory racetrack flume, using a submerged array of rigid cylinders to mimic vegetation. We used particle image velocimetry to characterize the flow field, and particle tracking velocimetry to obtain position and displacement of the fish. Four speeds and two submergence ratios were investigated. In contrast with previous studies with grass carp eggs, our data showed an active response from larvae to determine their position. Our study shows that: (1) mean velocity by itself is not a reliable predictor, as some larvae will seemingly prefer to be in areas of higher speeds with lower shear and turbulence, (2) turbulence characteristics can be used to identify areas avoided by larvae, (3) turbulence length scales are relevant to determine spatial distribution of larvae and their swimming capabilities within and above vegetated patches and similar roughness elements in streams. These findings can inform the design of monitoring and control strategies in rivers based on turbulence and turbulence scales generated by natural and man-made instream structures.
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确定湍流特征阻碍草鱼幼鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)通过水下植被游泳能力
水生植被可以为河流中多种物种提供栖息地和避难所。然而,被淹没的植被斑块所产生的水流特征也会对鱼类幼虫构成挑战。我们在实验室赛马场水槽中对活草鱼幼虫(孵化后50小时开始)进行了一系列实验,使用水下刚性圆柱体阵列模拟植被。我们使用粒子图像测速技术来表征流场,并使用粒子跟踪测速技术来获取鱼的位置和位移。研究了四种航速和两种淹没比。与之前对草鱼卵的研究相比,我们的数据显示,草鱼幼鱼对确定自己的位置有积极的反应。我们的研究表明:(1)平均速度本身并不是一个可靠的预测指标,因为一些幼虫似乎更喜欢在剪切和湍流较小的较高速度区域,(2)湍流特征可以用来识别幼虫避开的区域,(3)湍流长度尺度与确定幼虫的空间分布及其在植被斑块和河流中类似粗糙度元素内和之上的游泳能力有关。这些发现可以为基于自然和人为河流结构产生的湍流和湍流尺度的河流监测和控制策略的设计提供信息。
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